feat(auth): implement Keycloak authentication with RBAC and pagination

Major changes:
- Add Keycloak integration via token introspection endpoint
- Implement RBAC system with roles: admin, user, guest
- Add role-based permissions for post operations
- Add pagination support (default limit: 10) to list endpoints
- Add published_only filter with admin-only override for unpublished posts

Security improvements:
- Remove hardcoded default secrets (SECRET_KEY, KEYCLOAK_CLIENT_SECRET)
- Update .env.example with proper security placeholders
- Add comprehensive RBAC unit tests

Infrastructure:
- Add httpx dependency for HTTP client
- Add KeycloakAuthClient with token caching (TTL: 60s)
- Add role-based dependencies (RequireAdmin, RequireUser, etc.)
- Update DI container with Keycloak provider

Endpoints updated:
- GET /posts: filter by published status (admin can see all)
- Add pagination params (limit, offset) to list endpoints
- Enforce RBAC on post operations

Tests:
- Add 16 auth infrastructure tests
- Add 13 RBAC role tests
- Update existing tests for new required settings

Breaking changes:
- SECRET_KEY and KEYCLOAK_CLIENT_SECRET now required (no defaults)

.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Environment mode: dev or prod
+ENVIRONMENT=dev
+
+# App settings
+APP_NAME=Blog API
+APP_DEBUG=false
+APP_HOST=0.0.0.0
+APP_PORT=8000
+
+# Database settings
+# For dev (SQLite): DB_URL=sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db
+# For prod (PostgreSQL): DB_URL=postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host:port/db
+# Or use individual DB_* vars for prod (see below)
+DB_URL=
+DB_ECHO=false
+
+# PostgreSQL-specific settings (used in prod when DB_URL is not set)
+DB_HOST=localhost
+DB_PORT=5432
+DB_USER=postgres
+DB_PASSWORD=postgres
+DB_NAME=blog
+
+# Security settings (REQUIRED)
+SECURITY_SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key-here-change-in-production
+SECURITY_ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES=30
+
+# Keycloak settings (REQUIRED for authentication)
+KC_SERVER_URL=http://localhost:8080
+KC_REALM=blog
+KC_CLIENT_ID=blog-api
+KC_CLIENT_SECRET=your-keycloak-client-secret-here
+KC_TOKEN_CACHE_TTL=60

app/application/use_cases/list_posts.py

@@ -22,24 +22,45 @@ class ListPostsUseCase:
         posts = await self._post_repo.get_all()
         return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
 
-    async def published_posts(self) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+    async def published_posts(
+        self,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
         """Get all published posts."""
-        posts = await self._post_repo.get_published()
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_published(limit=limit, offset=offset)
         return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
 
-    async def by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+    async def by_author(
+        self,
+        author_id: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
         """Get posts by author."""
-        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_author(author_id)
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_author(
+            author_id, limit=limit, offset=offset
+        )
         return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
 
-    async def by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+    async def by_tag(
+        self,
+        tag: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
         """Get posts by tag."""
-        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_tag(tag)
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_tag(tag, limit=limit, offset=offset)
         return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
 
-    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
         """Search posts."""
-        posts = await self._post_repo.search(query)
+        posts = await self._post_repo.search(query, limit=limit, offset=offset)
         return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
 
     def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:

app/domain/repositories/post.py

@@ -15,17 +15,31 @@ class PostRepository(Repository[Post]):
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_by_author(
+        self,
+        author_id: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get all posts by author."""
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_published(self) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_published(
+        self,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get all published posts."""
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_by_tag(
+        self,
+        tag: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get posts by tag."""
         ...
 
@@ -35,6 +49,11 @@ class PostRepository(Repository[Post]):
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Search posts by query string."""
         ...

app/domain/roles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Role-based access control definitions."""
+
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException
+
+
+class Role(str, Enum):
+    """User roles in the system."""
+
+    ADMIN = "admin"
+    USER = "user"
+    GUEST = "guest"
+
+
+class Permission:
+    """Permission definitions."""
+
+    # Post permissions
+    POST_CREATE = "post:create"
+    POST_READ = "post:read"
+    POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED = "post:read_unpublished"
+    POST_UPDATE = "post:update"
+    POST_DELETE = "post:delete"
+    POST_PUBLISH = "post:publish"
+
+
+# Role-based permission mapping
+ROLE_PERMISSIONS: dict[Role, list[str]] = {
+    Role.ADMIN: [
+        Permission.POST_CREATE,
+        Permission.POST_READ,
+        Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED,
+        Permission.POST_UPDATE,
+        Permission.POST_DELETE,
+        Permission.POST_PUBLISH,
+    ],
+    Role.USER: [
+        Permission.POST_CREATE,
+        Permission.POST_READ,
+        Permission.POST_UPDATE,
+        Permission.POST_DELETE,
+        Permission.POST_PUBLISH,
+    ],
+    Role.GUEST: [
+        Permission.POST_READ,
+    ],
+}
+
+
+def has_permission(role: Role, permission: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if role has specific permission."""
+    return permission in ROLE_PERMISSIONS.get(role, [])
+
+
+def require_permission(
+    permission: str,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
+    """Decorator to require specific permission."""
+
+    def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            # Get token_info from kwargs
+            token_info = kwargs.get("token_info")
+            if not token_info:
+                raise ForbiddenException("Authentication required")
+
+            # Determine role from token or default to guest
+            roles = getattr(token_info, "roles", [])
+            if Role.ADMIN.value in roles:
+                role = Role.ADMIN
+            elif Role.USER.value in roles:
+                role = Role.USER
+            else:
+                role = Role.GUEST
+
+            if not has_permission(role, permission):
+                raise ForbiddenException(
+                    f"Permission '{permission}' required for role '{role.value}'"
+                )
+
+            return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def get_effective_role(roles: list[str]) -> Role:
+    """Determine effective role from list of roles.
+
+    Priority: admin > user > guest
+    """
+    if Role.ADMIN.value in roles:
+        return Role.ADMIN
+    elif Role.USER.value in roles:
+        return Role.USER
+    else:
+        return Role.GUEST

app/infrastructure/auth/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Authentication infrastructure package."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.auth.client import KeycloakAuthClient
+from app.infrastructure.auth.models import KeycloakUser, TokenInfo
+
+__all__ = ["KeycloakAuthClient", "KeycloakUser", "TokenInfo"]

app/infrastructure/auth/client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""Keycloak authentication client."""
+
+import time
+
+import httpx
+
+from app.infrastructure.auth.models import KeycloakUser, TokenInfo
+from app.infrastructure.config.settings import Settings
+
+
+class KeycloakAuthClient:
+    """Client for Keycloak authentication operations."""
+
+    def __init__(self, settings: Settings) -> None:
+        """Initialize Keycloak client with settings."""
+        self._settings = settings
+        self._base_url = f"{settings.kc.server_url}/realms/{settings.kc.realm}"
+        self._client_id = settings.kc.client_id
+        self._client_secret = settings.kc.client_secret
+        self._cache: dict[str, tuple[TokenInfo, float]] = {}
+        self._cache_ttl = settings.kc.token_cache_ttl
+
+    def _get_introspection_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get token introspection endpoint URL."""
+        return f"{self._base_url}/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspection"
+
+    def _get_userinfo_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get userinfo endpoint URL."""
+        return f"{self._base_url}/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo"
+
+    def _get_cached_token(self, token: str) -> TokenInfo | None:
+        """Get cached token info if valid."""
+        if token not in self._cache:
+            return None
+
+        token_info, cached_at = self._cache[token]
+        if time.time() - cached_at > self._cache_ttl:
+            del self._cache[token]
+            return None
+
+        return token_info
+
+    def _cache_token(self, token: str, token_info: TokenInfo) -> None:
+        """Cache token info."""
+        self._cache[token] = (token_info, time.time())
+        # Simple cleanup of old entries
+        current_time = time.time()
+        expired_keys = [
+            k for k, (_, t) in self._cache.items() if current_time - t > self._cache_ttl
+        ]
+        for k in expired_keys:
+            del self._cache[k]
+
+    async def introspect_token(self, token: str) -> TokenInfo:
+        """Introspect access token using Keycloak."""
+        # Check cache first
+        cached = self._get_cached_token(token)
+        if cached:
+            return cached
+
+        # Prepare introspection request
+        data = {
+            "token": token,
+            "client_id": self._client_id,
+            "client_secret": self._client_secret,
+        }
+
+        try:
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+                response = await client.post(
+                    self._get_introspection_url(),
+                    data=data,
+                    headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
+                    timeout=10.0,
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                result = response.json()
+        except httpx.HTTPError as e:
+            return TokenInfo(active=False, raw_claims={"error": str(e)})
+
+        if not result.get("active", False):
+            return TokenInfo(active=False, raw_claims=result)
+
+        # Extract roles from realm_access or resource_access
+        roles: list[str] = []
+        realm_access = result.get("realm_access", {})
+        if isinstance(realm_access, dict):
+            roles.extend(realm_access.get("roles", []))
+
+        token_info = TokenInfo(
+            active=True,
+            user_id=result.get("sub", ""),
+            username=result.get("preferred_username", ""),
+            email=result.get("email", ""),
+            roles=roles,
+            raw_claims=result,
+        )
+
+        # Cache valid token
+        self._cache_token(token, token_info)
+
+        return token_info
+
+    async def get_userinfo(self, token: str) -> KeycloakUser | None:
+        """Get user information from Keycloak using access token."""
+        try:
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+                response = await client.get(
+                    self._get_userinfo_url(),
+                    headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
+                    timeout=10.0,
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                data = response.json()
+        except httpx.HTTPError:
+            return None
+
+        return KeycloakUser(
+            id=data.get("sub", ""),
+            username=data.get("preferred_username", ""),
+            email=data.get("email", ""),
+            first_name=data.get("given_name", ""),
+            last_name=data.get("family_name", ""),
+            roles=data.get("realm_access", {}).get("roles", [])
+            if isinstance(data.get("realm_access"), dict)
+            else [],
+        )

app/infrastructure/auth/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Keycloak authentication models."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TokenInfo:
+    """Information about validated token from Keycloak."""
+
+    active: bool
+    user_id: str = ""
+    username: str = ""
+    email: str = ""
+    roles: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    raw_claims: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict, repr=False)
+
+    @property
+    def is_valid(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if token is valid and active."""
+        return self.active and bool(self.user_id)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class KeycloakUser:
+    """User information from Keycloak."""
+
+    id: str
+    username: str
+    email: str
+    first_name: str = ""
+    last_name: str = ""
+    roles: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    is_active: bool = True

app/infrastructure/config/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 """Infrastructure configuration."""
 
-from app.infrastructure.config.settings import Settings, settings
+from app.infrastructure.config.settings import (
+    AppConfig,
+    DBConfig,
+    Environment,
+    KCConfig,
+    SecurityConfig,
+    Settings,
+    settings,
+)
 
-__all__ = ["Settings", "settings"]
+__all__ = [
+    "AppConfig",
+    "DBConfig",
+    "KCConfig",
+    "SecurityConfig",
+    "Environment",
+    "Settings",
+    "settings",
+]

app/infrastructure/config/settings.py

@@ -1,31 +1,173 @@
-"""Application settings."""
+"""Application settings with composition pattern."""
 
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import cached_property
+
+from pydantic import Field, PostgresDsn, field_validator
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 
-class Settings(BaseSettings):
+class Environment(str, Enum):
-    """Application configuration settings."""
+    """Application environment modes."""
 
-    # App settings
+    DEV = "dev"
-    app_name: str = "Blog API"
+    PROD = "prod"
+
+
+class AppConfig(BaseSettings):
+    """Application configuration."""
+
+    name: str = "Blog API"
     debug: bool = False
     host: str = "0.0.0.0"
     port: int = 8000
 
-    # Database settings
-    database_url: str = "sqlite:///./blog.db"
-    database_echo: bool = False
-
-    # Security settings
-    secret_key: str = "your-secret-key-change-in-production"
-    access_token_expire_minutes: int = 30
-
     model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
-        env_file=".env",
+        env_prefix="APP_",
         env_file_encoding="utf-8",
         case_sensitive=False,
     )
 
 
+class DBConfig(BaseSettings):
+    """Database configuration."""
+
+    # For dev: sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db
+    # For prod: postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host:port/db
+    url: str | None = None
+    echo: bool = False
+
+    # PostgreSQL-specific settings (used in prod)
+    host: str = "localhost"
+    port: int = 5432
+    user: str = "postgres"
+    password: str = "postgres"
+    name: str = "blog"
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_prefix="DB_",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+    )
+
+    @field_validator("url")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_url(cls, v: str | None) -> str | None:
+        """Validate database URL if provided."""
+        if v is None:
+            return v
+        if not any(v.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("sqlite+", "postgresql+")):
+            raise ValueError("Database URL must start with 'sqlite+' or 'postgresql+'")
+        return v
+
+
+class KCConfig(BaseSettings):
+    """Keycloak configuration."""
+
+    server_url: str = "http://localhost:8080"
+    realm: str = "blog"
+    client_id: str = "blog-api"
+    client_secret: str = Field(
+        default="",
+        description="Keycloak client secret - must be set via env in production",
+    )
+    token_cache_ttl: int = 60  # seconds
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_prefix="KC_",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def is_configured(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if Keycloak is properly configured."""
+        return bool(self.client_secret)
+
+
+class SecurityConfig(BaseSettings):
+    """Security configuration."""
+
+    secret_key: str = Field(
+        default="", description="Secret key for JWT - must be set via env in production"
+    )
+    access_token_expire_minutes: int = 30
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_prefix="SECURITY_",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def is_configured(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if security is properly configured."""
+        return bool(self.secret_key)
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    """Application configuration settings with composition."""
+
+    # Environment mode
+    environment: Environment = Environment.DEV
+
+    # Sub-configurations
+    app: AppConfig = Field(default_factory=AppConfig)
+    db: DBConfig = Field(default_factory=DBConfig)
+    kc: KCConfig = Field(default_factory=KCConfig)
+    security: SecurityConfig = Field(default_factory=SecurityConfig)
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=".env",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+        env_nested_delimiter="__",
+    )
+
+    def model_post_init(self, __context: object) -> None:
+        """Validate settings after initialization."""
+        if self.is_prod:
+            if not self.security.is_configured:
+                raise ValueError("SECURITY_SECRET_KEY must be set in production mode")
+            if not self.kc.is_configured:
+                raise ValueError("KC_CLIENT_SECRET must be set in production mode")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def database_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get database URL based on environment.
+
+        - In dev: uses SQLite if no URL provided
+        - In prod: uses PostgreSQL if no URL provided
+        """
+        if self.db.url:
+            return self.db.url
+
+        if self.environment == Environment.PROD:
+            # Build PostgreSQL URL from components
+            return str(
+                PostgresDsn.build(
+                    scheme="postgresql+asyncpg",
+                    username=self.db.user,
+                    password=self.db.password,
+                    host=self.db.host,
+                    port=self.db.port,
+                    path=self.db.name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Default dev SQLite URL
+        return "sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db"
+
+    @property
+    def is_dev(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if running in development mode."""
+        return self.environment == Environment.DEV
+
+    @property
+    def is_prod(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if running in production mode."""
+        return self.environment == Environment.PROD
+
+
 # Global settings instance
 settings = Settings()

app/infrastructure/database/connection.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def _get_database_url() -> str:
 # Create async engine
 engine: AsyncEngine = create_async_engine(
     _get_database_url(),
-    echo=settings.database_echo,
+    echo=settings.db.echo,
     future=True,
 )
 

app/infrastructure/di/providers.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from app.application import (
 )
 from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
 from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+from app.infrastructure.auth import KeycloakAuthClient
+from app.infrastructure.config.settings import settings
 from app.infrastructure.database.connection import AsyncSessionLocal, engine
 from app.infrastructure.repositories.post import SQLAlchemyPostRepository
 
@@ -131,3 +133,12 @@ class UseCaseProvider(Provider):
             post_repo=post_repo,
             tx_manager=tx_manager,
         )
+
+
+class KeycloakProvider(Provider):
+    """Provider for Keycloak authentication client."""
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.APP)
+    def get_keycloak_client(self) -> KeycloakAuthClient:
+        """Provide KeycloakAuthClient singleton."""
+        return KeycloakAuthClient(settings)

app/infrastructure/repositories/post.py

@@ -105,27 +105,50 @@ class SQLAlchemyPostRepository(PostRepository):
         orm = result.scalar_one_or_none()
         return self._to_domain(orm) if orm else None
 
-    async def get_by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_by_author(
+        self,
+        author_id: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get posts by author."""
-        result = await self._session.execute(
+        query = select(PostORM).where(PostORM.author_id == author_id)
-            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.author_id == author_id)
+        if limit is not None:
-        )
+            query = query.limit(limit)
+        if offset is not None:
+            query = query.offset(offset)
+        result = await self._session.execute(query)
         orms = result.scalars().all()
         return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
 
-    async def get_published(self) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_published(
+        self,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get published posts."""
-        result = await self._session.execute(
+        query = select(PostORM).where(PostORM.published.is_(True))
-            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.published.is_(True))
+        if limit is not None:
-        )
+            query = query.limit(limit)
+        if offset is not None:
+            query = query.offset(offset)
+        result = await self._session.execute(query)
         orms = result.scalars().all()
         return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
 
-    async def get_by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def get_by_tag(
+        self,
+        tag: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Get posts by tag."""
-        result = await self._session.execute(
+        query = select(PostORM).where(PostORM.tags.contains([tag]))
-            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.tags.contains([tag]))
+        if limit is not None:
-        )
+            query = query.limit(limit)
+        if offset is not None:
+            query = query.offset(offset)
+        result = await self._session.execute(query)
         orms = result.scalars().all()
         return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
 
@@ -136,16 +159,24 @@ class SQLAlchemyPostRepository(PostRepository):
         )
         return result.scalar_one_or_none() is not None
 
-    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[Post]:
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        limit: int | None = None,
+        offset: int | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Post]:
         """Search posts."""
         search_pattern = f"%{query}%"
-        result = await self._session.execute(
+        stmt = select(PostORM).where(
-            select(PostORM).where(
             or_(
                 PostORM.title.ilike(search_pattern),
                 PostORM.content.ilike(search_pattern),
             )
         )
-        )
+        if limit is not None:
+            stmt = stmt.limit(limit)
+        if offset is not None:
+            stmt = stmt.offset(offset)
+        result = await self._session.execute(stmt)
         orms = result.scalars().all()
         return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]

app/main.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 from app.infrastructure import close_db, init_db, register_exception_handlers, settings
 from app.infrastructure.di.providers import (
     DatabaseProvider,
+    KeycloakProvider,
     RepositoryProvider,
     TransactionManagerProvider,
     UseCaseProvider,
@@ -32,11 +33,11 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
 def app_factory() -> FastAPI:
     """Create and configure FastAPI application."""
     app = FastAPI(
-        title=settings.app_name,
+        title=settings.app.name,
-        debug=settings.debug,
+        debug=settings.app.debug,
         lifespan=lifespan,
-        docs_url="/docs" if settings.debug else None,
+        docs_url="/docs" if settings.is_dev else None,
-        redoc_url="/redoc" if settings.debug else None,
+        redoc_url="/redoc" if settings.is_dev else None,
     )
 
     # Setup Dishka DI container
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ def app_factory() -> FastAPI:
         RepositoryProvider(),
         TransactionManagerProvider(),
         UseCaseProvider(),
+        KeycloakProvider(),
     )
     setup_dishka(container, app)
 
@@ -66,7 +68,11 @@ def app_factory() -> FastAPI:
     # Health check endpoint
     @app.get("/health", tags=["health"])
     async def health_check() -> dict[str, str]:
-        return {"status": "ok", "app": settings.app_name}
+        return {
+            "status": "ok",
+            "app": settings.app.name,
+            "env": settings.environment.value,
+        }
 
     return app
 
@@ -76,8 +82,8 @@ def main() -> None:
     uvicorn.run(
         app_factory,
         factory=True,
-        host=settings.host,
+        host=settings.app.host,
-        port=settings.port,
+        port=settings.app.port,
     )
 
 

app/presentation/api/deps.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """API dependencies using Dishka."""
 
-from typing import Annotated
+from typing import Annotated, Any
 
 from dishka.integrations.fastapi import FromDishka
-from fastapi import Depends, Header
+from fastapi import Depends, Request
+from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
 
 from app.application import (
     CreatePostUseCase,
@@ -13,6 +14,9 @@ from app.application import (
     PublishPostUseCase,
     UpdatePostUseCase,
 )
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException, UnauthorizedException
+from app.domain.roles import Role, get_effective_role
+from app.infrastructure.auth import KeycloakAuthClient, TokenInfo
 
 # Use case dependencies - injected via Dishka
 CreatePostDep = FromDishka[CreatePostUseCase]
@@ -22,13 +26,106 @@ DeletePostDep = FromDishka[DeletePostUseCase]
 ListPostsDep = FromDishka[ListPostsUseCase]
 PublishPostDep = FromDishka[PublishPostUseCase]
 
+# Security scheme
+security = HTTPBearer(auto_error=False)
+
+
+def get_keycloak_client(request: Request) -> KeycloakAuthClient:
+    """Get Keycloak client from DI container via request state."""
+    client: KeycloakAuthClient = request.state.dishka_container.get(KeycloakAuthClient)
+    return client
+
+
+async def get_current_token_info(
+    credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None, Depends(security)],
+    request: Request,
+) -> TokenInfo:
+    """Validate token and return token info from Keycloak."""
+    if not credentials:
+        raise UnauthorizedException("Authentication required")
+
+    keycloak_client = get_keycloak_client(request)
+    token = credentials.credentials
+    token_info = await keycloak_client.introspect_token(token)
+
+    if not token_info.is_valid:
+        raise UnauthorizedException("Invalid or expired token")
+
+    return token_info
+
 
-# Mock current user dependency (replace with real auth)
 async def get_current_user_id(
-    x_user_id: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = "user-123",
+    token_info: Annotated[TokenInfo, Depends(get_current_token_info)],
 ) -> str:
-    """Get current user ID from header."""
+    """Get current user ID from validated token."""
-    return x_user_id or "user-123"
+    return token_info.user_id
 
 
 CurrentUserDep = Annotated[str, Depends(get_current_user_id)]
+TokenInfoDep = Annotated[TokenInfo, Depends(get_current_token_info)]
+
+
+# Optional auth - doesn't require authentication but provides user info if available
+async def get_optional_token_info(
+    credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None, Depends(security)],
+    request: Request,
+) -> TokenInfo | None:
+    """Get token info if valid token provided, otherwise None (guest)."""
+    if not credentials:
+        return None
+
+    keycloak_client = get_keycloak_client(request)
+    token = credentials.credentials
+    token_info = await keycloak_client.introspect_token(token)
+
+    if token_info.is_valid:
+        return token_info
+
+    return None
+
+
+OptionalTokenInfoDep = Annotated[TokenInfo | None, Depends(get_optional_token_info)]
+
+
+async def get_optional_user_id(
+    token_info: OptionalTokenInfoDep,
+) -> str | None:
+    """Get current user ID if token is valid, otherwise None."""
+    if token_info:
+        return token_info.user_id
+    return None
+
+
+OptionalUserDep = Annotated[str | None, Depends(get_optional_user_id)]
+
+
+def get_current_role(token_info: OptionalTokenInfoDep) -> Role:
+    """Get effective role from token info.
+
+    Returns GUEST if no valid token provided.
+    """
+    if token_info and token_info.roles:
+        return get_effective_role(token_info.roles)
+    return Role.GUEST
+
+
+CurrentRoleDep = Annotated[Role, Depends(get_current_role)]
+
+
+def require_roles(allowed_roles: list[Role]) -> Any:
+    """Create dependency that checks if user has one of the allowed roles."""
+
+    async def check_role(role: CurrentRoleDep) -> Role:
+        if role not in allowed_roles:
+            raise ForbiddenException(
+                f"Access denied. Required roles: {[r.value for r in allowed_roles]}"
+            )
+        return role
+
+    return Depends(check_role)
+
+
+# Predefined role requirements
+RequireAdmin = require_roles([Role.ADMIN])
+RequireUser = require_roles([Role.USER, Role.ADMIN])
+RequireAny = require_roles([Role.GUEST, Role.USER, Role.ADMIN])

app/presentation/api/v1/posts.py

@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ from dishka.integrations.fastapi import DishkaRoute
 from fastapi import APIRouter, status
 
 from app.application.dtos import CreatePostDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException
+from app.domain.roles import Permission, has_permission
 from app.presentation.api.deps import (
     CreatePostDep,
+    CurrentRoleDep,
     CurrentUserDep,
     DeletePostDep,
     GetPostDep,
@@ -50,11 +53,38 @@ async def create_post(
 @router.get(
     "",
     response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
-    summary="List all posts",
+    summary="List posts",
 )
-async def list_posts(use_case: ListPostsDep) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+async def list_posts(
-    """Get all blog posts."""
+    use_case: ListPostsDep,
+    role: CurrentRoleDep,
+    include_unpublished: bool = False,
+    limit: int = 10,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Get blog posts with optional filtering and pagination.
+
+    Args:
+        include_unpublished: If True, returns all posts including drafts.
+                            Only admins can use this parameter.
+        limit: Maximum number of posts to return (default: 10, max: 100).
+        offset: Number of posts to skip (default: 0).
+
+    Raises:
+        ForbiddenException: If non-admin tries to include unpublished posts.
+    """
+    # Clamp limit to reasonable range
+    limit = max(1, min(limit, 100))
+    offset = max(0, offset)
+
+    # Check permissions for unpublished posts
+    if include_unpublished:
+        if not has_permission(role, Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED):
+            raise ForbiddenException("Only admins can view unpublished posts")
         results = await use_case.all_posts()
+    else:
+        results = await use_case.published_posts(limit=limit, offset=offset)
+
     items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
     return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,13 +4,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Add your description here"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.13"
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["hatchling"]
-build-backend = "hatchling.build"
-
-[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
-packages = ["app"]
 dependencies = [
     "fastapi>=0.136.0",
     "pydantic>=2.13.2",
@@ -18,9 +11,18 @@ dependencies = [
     "uvicorn>=0.44.0",
     "sqlalchemy>=2.0.0",
     "aiosqlite>=0.21.0",
+    "asyncpg>=0.30.0",
     "dishka>=1.5.0",
+    "httpx>=0.28.0",
 ]
 
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["app"]
+
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [
     {include-group = "lints"},

tests/api/conftest.py

@@ -1,16 +1,36 @@
 """API test fixtures."""
 
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
+from app.infrastructure.auth.models import TokenInfo
 from app.main import app_factory
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-async def client() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
+def mock_keycloak_client() -> MagicMock:
+    """Create mock Keycloak client for testing."""
+    mock_client = AsyncMock()
+    mock_client.introspect_token.return_value = TokenInfo(
+        active=True,
+        user_id="test-user-id",
+        username="testuser",
+        email="test@example.com",
+        roles=["user"],
+    )
+    return mock_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def client(mock_keycloak_client: MagicMock) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
     """Create async HTTP client for API testing."""
+    with patch(
+        "app.presentation.api.deps.KeycloakAuthClient",
+        return_value=mock_keycloak_client,
+    ):
         app = app_factory()
         transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
         async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as ac:
@@ -20,4 +40,18 @@ async def client() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
 @pytest.fixture
 def auth_headers() -> dict[str, str]:
     """Return mock authentication headers."""
-    return {"Authorization": "Bearer test_token", "X-User-Id": "user-123"}
+    return {"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def unauthorized_keycloak_client() -> MagicMock:
+    """Create mock Keycloak client that returns invalid token."""
+    mock_client = AsyncMock()
+    mock_client.introspect_token.return_value = TokenInfo(
+        active=False,
+        user_id="",
+        username="",
+        email="",
+        roles=[],
+    )
+    return mock_client

tests/unit/domain/test_roles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Tests for role-based access control."""
+
+from app.domain.roles import (
+    ROLE_PERMISSIONS,
+    Permission,
+    Role,
+    get_effective_role,
+    has_permission,
+)
+
+
+class TestRole:
+    """Test Role enum."""
+
+    def test_role_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test role enum values."""
+        assert Role.ADMIN.value == "admin"
+        assert Role.USER.value == "user"
+        assert Role.GUEST.value == "guest"
+
+    def test_role_comparison(self) -> None:
+        """Test role comparison."""
+        assert Role.ADMIN == Role.ADMIN
+        # USER and ADMIN are different enum values with different string values
+        assert Role.USER.value != Role.ADMIN.value  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+
+
+class TestPermissions:
+    """Test permission definitions."""
+
+    def test_permission_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test permission constants."""
+        assert Permission.POST_CREATE == "post:create"
+        assert Permission.POST_READ == "post:read"
+        assert Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED == "post:read_unpublished"
+        assert Permission.POST_UPDATE == "post:update"
+        assert Permission.POST_DELETE == "post:delete"
+        assert Permission.POST_PUBLISH == "post:publish"
+
+
+class TestRolePermissions:
+    """Test role-based permission mapping."""
+
+    def test_admin_has_all_permissions(self) -> None:
+        """Test admin has all permissions."""
+        admin_perms = ROLE_PERMISSIONS[Role.ADMIN]
+        assert Permission.POST_CREATE in admin_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_READ in admin_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED in admin_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_UPDATE in admin_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_DELETE in admin_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_PUBLISH in admin_perms
+
+    def test_user_permissions(self) -> None:
+        """Test user permissions."""
+        user_perms = ROLE_PERMISSIONS[Role.USER]
+        assert Permission.POST_CREATE in user_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_READ in user_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_UPDATE in user_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_DELETE in user_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_PUBLISH in user_perms
+        # User cannot read unpublished
+        assert Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED not in user_perms
+
+    def test_guest_permissions(self) -> None:
+        """Test guest permissions."""
+        guest_perms = ROLE_PERMISSIONS[Role.GUEST]
+        assert Permission.POST_READ in guest_perms
+        # Guest has very limited permissions
+        assert Permission.POST_CREATE not in guest_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_UPDATE not in guest_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_DELETE not in guest_perms
+        assert Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED not in guest_perms
+
+
+class TestHasPermission:
+    """Test has_permission function."""
+
+    def test_admin_has_all_permissions_check(self) -> None:
+        """Test admin permission checks."""
+        assert has_permission(Role.ADMIN, Permission.POST_CREATE) is True
+        assert has_permission(Role.ADMIN, Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED) is True
+        assert has_permission(Role.ADMIN, "unknown:permission") is False
+
+    def test_user_limited_permissions(self) -> None:
+        """Test user limited permissions."""
+        assert has_permission(Role.USER, Permission.POST_CREATE) is True
+        assert has_permission(Role.USER, Permission.POST_READ_UNPUBLISHED) is False
+        assert has_permission(Role.USER, Permission.POST_READ) is True
+
+    def test_guest_read_only(self) -> None:
+        """Test guest read-only access."""
+        assert has_permission(Role.GUEST, Permission.POST_READ) is True
+        assert has_permission(Role.GUEST, Permission.POST_CREATE) is False
+        assert has_permission(Role.GUEST, Permission.POST_UPDATE) is False
+
+
+class TestGetEffectiveRole:
+    """Test get_effective_role function."""
+
+    def test_admin_from_roles_list(self) -> None:
+        """Test admin role detection."""
+        assert get_effective_role(["admin"]) == Role.ADMIN
+        assert get_effective_role(["user", "admin"]) == Role.ADMIN
+        assert get_effective_role(["admin", "user"]) == Role.ADMIN
+
+    def test_user_from_roles_list(self) -> None:
+        """Test user role detection."""
+        assert get_effective_role(["user"]) == Role.USER
+        assert get_effective_role(["user", "moderator"]) == Role.USER
+
+    def test_guest_from_roles_list(self) -> None:
+        """Test guest role detection."""
+        assert get_effective_role([]) == Role.GUEST
+        assert get_effective_role(["unknown"]) == Role.GUEST
+        assert get_effective_role(["guest"]) == Role.GUEST
+
+    def test_role_priority(self) -> None:
+        """Test that admin > user > guest."""
+        # Admin takes precedence
+        assert get_effective_role(["user", "admin", "guest"]) == Role.ADMIN
+        # User takes precedence over guest
+        assert get_effective_role(["guest", "user"]) == Role.USER

tests/unit/infrastructure/test_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+"""Tests for Keycloak authentication client."""
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.infrastructure.auth import KeycloakAuthClient, KeycloakUser, TokenInfo
+from app.infrastructure.config.settings import Settings
+
+
+class TestTokenInfo:
+    """Test TokenInfo dataclass."""
+
+    def test_token_info_valid(self) -> None:
+        """Test valid token info."""
+        token_info = TokenInfo(
+            active=True,
+            user_id="user-123",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+            roles=["user"],
+        )
+        assert token_info.is_valid is True
+        assert token_info.user_id == "user-123"
+        assert token_info.username == "testuser"
+        assert token_info.email == "test@example.com"
+        assert token_info.roles == ["user"]
+
+    def test_token_info_invalid_not_active(self) -> None:
+        """Test invalid token when not active."""
+        token_info = TokenInfo(
+            active=False,
+            user_id="user-123",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+            roles=["user"],
+        )
+        assert token_info.is_valid is False
+
+    def test_token_info_invalid_no_user_id(self) -> None:
+        """Test invalid token when no user_id."""
+        token_info = TokenInfo(
+            active=True,
+            user_id="",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+            roles=["user"],
+        )
+        assert token_info.is_valid is False
+
+    def test_token_info_empty_roles(self) -> None:
+        """Test token info with empty roles."""
+        token_info = TokenInfo(
+            active=True,
+            user_id="user-123",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+            roles=[],
+        )
+        assert token_info.is_valid is True
+        assert token_info.roles == []
+
+
+class TestKeycloakUser:
+    """Test KeycloakUser dataclass."""
+
+    def test_keycloak_user_creation(self) -> None:
+        """Test KeycloakUser creation."""
+        user = KeycloakUser(
+            id="user-123",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+            first_name="Test",
+            last_name="User",
+            roles=["user", "admin"],
+            is_active=True,
+        )
+        assert user.id == "user-123"
+        assert user.username == "testuser"
+        assert user.email == "test@example.com"
+        assert user.first_name == "Test"
+        assert user.last_name == "User"
+        assert user.roles == ["user", "admin"]
+        assert user.is_active is True
+
+    def test_keycloak_user_defaults(self) -> None:
+        """Test KeycloakUser with default values."""
+        user = KeycloakUser(
+            id="user-123",
+            username="testuser",
+            email="test@example.com",
+        )
+        assert user.first_name == ""
+        assert user.last_name == ""
+        assert user.roles == []
+        assert user.is_active is True
+
+
+class TestKeycloakAuthClient:
+    """Test KeycloakAuthClient."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def settings(self) -> Settings:
+        """Create test settings."""
+        from app.infrastructure.config import KCConfig, SecurityConfig
+
+        return Settings(
+            environment="dev",
+            kc=KCConfig(
+                server_url="http://localhost:8080",
+                realm="test-realm",
+                client_id="test-client",
+                client_secret="test-secret",
+                token_cache_ttl=60,
+            ),
+            security=SecurityConfig(
+                secret_key="test-secret-key-for-jwt-tokens",
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def client(self, settings: Settings) -> KeycloakAuthClient:
+        """Create Keycloak client."""
+        return KeycloakAuthClient(settings)
+
+    def test_client_initialization(
+        self, client: KeycloakAuthClient, settings: Settings
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test client initialization."""
+        assert client._settings == settings
+        assert client._base_url == "http://localhost:8080/realms/test-realm"
+        assert client._client_id == "test-client"
+        assert client._client_secret == "test-secret"
+        assert client._cache_ttl == 60
+
+    def test_get_introspection_url(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test introspection URL generation."""
+        url = client._get_introspection_url()
+        assert (
+            url
+            == "http://localhost:8080/realms/test-realm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspection"
+        )
+
+    def test_get_userinfo_url(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test userinfo URL generation."""
+        url = client._get_userinfo_url()
+        assert (
+            url
+            == "http://localhost:8080/realms/test-realm/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo"
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_introspect_token_success(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test successful token introspection."""
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "active": True,
+            "sub": "user-123",
+            "preferred_username": "testuser",
+            "email": "test@example.com",
+            "realm_access": {"roles": ["user", "admin"]},
+        }
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = Mock()
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.post = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+
+        assert result.active is True
+        assert result.user_id == "user-123"
+        assert result.username == "testuser"
+        assert result.email == "test@example.com"
+        assert result.roles == ["user", "admin"]
+        assert result.is_valid is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_introspect_token_inactive(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test introspection with inactive token."""
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"active": False}
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = Mock()
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.post = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+
+        assert result.active is False
+        assert result.is_valid is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_introspect_token_http_error(
+        self, client: KeycloakAuthClient
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test introspection with HTTP error."""
+        import httpx
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.post = AsyncMock(
+            side_effect=httpx.HTTPError("Connection error")
+        )
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+
+        assert result.active is False
+        assert result.is_valid is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_introspect_token_uses_cache(
+        self, client: KeycloakAuthClient
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test that token introspection uses cache."""
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "active": True,
+            "sub": "user-123",
+            "preferred_username": "testuser",
+            "email": "test@example.com",
+            "realm_access": {"roles": ["user"]},
+        }
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = Mock()
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.post = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            # First call
+            result1 = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+            # Second call should use cache
+            result2 = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+
+        # HTTP client should only be called once
+        assert mock_async_client.post.call_count == 1
+        assert result1.user_id == result2.user_id
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_userinfo_success(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test successful userinfo retrieval."""
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "sub": "user-123",
+            "preferred_username": "testuser",
+            "email": "test@example.com",
+            "given_name": "Test",
+            "family_name": "User",
+            "realm_access": {"roles": ["user"]},
+        }
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = Mock()
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.get_userinfo("test-token")
+
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result.id == "user-123"
+        assert result.username == "testuser"
+        assert result.email == "test@example.com"
+        assert result.first_name == "Test"
+        assert result.last_name == "User"
+        assert result.roles == ["user"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_userinfo_error(self, client: KeycloakAuthClient) -> None:
+        """Test userinfo retrieval with error."""
+        import httpx
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.get = AsyncMock(
+            side_effect=httpx.HTTPError("Connection error")
+        )
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.get_userinfo("test-token")
+
+        assert result is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_introspect_token_no_realm_roles(
+        self, client: KeycloakAuthClient
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test introspection without realm_access roles."""
+        mock_response = Mock()
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "active": True,
+            "sub": "user-123",
+            "preferred_username": "testuser",
+            "email": "test@example.com",
+        }
+        mock_response.raise_for_status = Mock()
+
+        mock_async_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_async_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_async_client)
+        mock_async_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+        mock_async_client.post = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+        with patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_async_client):
+            result = await client.introspect_token("test-token")
+
+        assert result.active is True
+        assert result.roles == []

tests/unit/infrastructure/test_config.py

@@ -1,37 +1,247 @@
 """Tests for infrastructure config."""
 
-from app.infrastructure.config import Settings
+import pytest
+
+from app.infrastructure.config import (
+    AppConfig,
+    DBConfig,
+    Environment,
+    KCConfig,
+    SecurityConfig,
+    Settings,
+)
 
 
 class TestSettings:
+    """Test Settings with composition pattern."""
+
     def test_default_values(self) -> None:
         """Test default settings values by creating settings without env file."""
-        # Create settings with no env file to test defaults
+        # Create settings with required secrets and no env file
-        s = Settings(_env_file=None)
+        s = Settings(
-        assert s.app_name == "Blog API"
+            _env_file=None,
-        assert s.debug is False
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test-secret-key"),
-        assert s.host == "0.0.0.0"
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test-client-secret"),
-        assert s.port == 8000
+        )
-        assert s.database_url == "sqlite:///./blog.db"
+        assert s.app.name == "Blog API"
-        assert s.database_echo is False
+        assert s.app.debug is False
+        assert s.app.host == "0.0.0.0"
+        assert s.app.port == 8000
+        assert s.database_url == "sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db"
+        assert s.db.echo is False
+        assert s.security.secret_key == "test-secret-key"
+        assert s.kc.client_secret == "test-client-secret"
+        assert s.environment == Environment.DEV
 
     def test_custom_values(self) -> None:
         """Test custom settings values."""
         s = Settings(
-            app_name="Test API",
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.PROD,
+            app=AppConfig(
+                name="Test API",
                 debug=True,
                 host="localhost",
                 port=9000,
-            database_url="postgresql://test",
+            ),
-            secret_key="test-secret",
+            db=DBConfig(url="postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db"),
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test-secret"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test-client-secret"),
         )
-        assert s.app_name == "Test API"
+        assert s.app.name == "Test API"
-        assert s.debug is True
+        assert s.app.debug is True
-        assert s.host == "localhost"
+        assert s.app.host == "localhost"
-        assert s.port == 9000
+        assert s.app.port == 9000
-        assert s.database_url == "postgresql://test"
+        assert s.database_url == "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db"
-        assert s.secret_key == "test-secret"
+        assert s.security.secret_key == "test-secret"
+        assert s.kc.client_secret == "test-client-secret"
+        assert s.environment == Environment.PROD
 
     def test_model_config(self) -> None:
         """Test settings model config."""
         assert "env_file" in Settings.model_config
+
+    def test_is_dev_property(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_dev property."""
+        s = Settings(
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.DEV,
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+        )
+        assert s.is_dev is True
+        assert s.is_prod is False
+
+    def test_is_prod_property(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_prod property."""
+        s = Settings(
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.PROD,
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+        )
+        assert s.is_prod is True
+        assert s.is_dev is False
+
+    def test_prod_requires_security_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test that prod mode requires security secret_key."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="SECURITY_SECRET_KEY"):
+            Settings(
+                _env_file=None,
+                environment=Environment.PROD,
+                security=SecurityConfig(secret_key=""),
+                kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+            )
+
+    def test_prod_requires_kc_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test that prod mode requires KC client_secret."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="KC_CLIENT_SECRET"):
+            Settings(
+                _env_file=None,
+                environment=Environment.PROD,
+                security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+                kc=KCConfig(client_secret=""),
+            )
+
+    def test_database_url_dev_default(self) -> None:
+        """Test default database URL in dev mode."""
+        s = Settings(
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.DEV,
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+        )
+        assert s.database_url == "sqlite+aiosqlite:///./blog.db"
+
+    def test_database_url_prod_builds_postgres(self) -> None:
+        """Test that database URL builds from components in prod."""
+        s = Settings(
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.PROD,
+            db=DBConfig(
+                url=None,  # Force building from components
+                host="db.example.com",
+                port=5433,
+                user="admin",
+                password="secret",
+                name="mydb",
+            ),
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+        )
+        assert (
+            s.database_url
+            == "postgresql+asyncpg://admin:secret@db.example.com:5433/mydb"
+        )
+
+    def test_database_url_override(self) -> None:
+        """Test that explicit database URL overrides auto-building."""
+        s = Settings(
+            _env_file=None,
+            environment=Environment.PROD,
+            db=DBConfig(
+                url="postgresql+asyncpg://custom/url",
+                host="ignored",
+                user="ignored",
+            ),
+            security=SecurityConfig(secret_key="test"),
+            kc=KCConfig(client_secret="test"),
+        )
+        assert s.database_url == "postgresql+asyncpg://custom/url"
+
+
+class TestAppConfig:
+    """Test AppConfig."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test AppConfig default values."""
+        cfg = AppConfig()
+        assert cfg.name == "Blog API"
+        assert cfg.debug is False
+        assert cfg.host == "0.0.0.0"
+        assert cfg.port == 8000
+
+
+class TestDBConfig:
+    """Test DBConfig."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test DBConfig default values."""
+        cfg = DBConfig()
+        assert cfg.url is None
+        assert cfg.echo is False
+        assert cfg.host == "localhost"
+        assert cfg.port == 5432
+        assert cfg.user == "postgres"
+        assert cfg.password == "postgres"
+        assert cfg.name == "blog"
+
+    def test_postgres_url_validation(self) -> None:
+        """Test URL validation for postgres."""
+        cfg = DBConfig(url="postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db")
+        assert cfg.url == "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db"
+
+    def test_sqlite_url_validation(self) -> None:
+        """Test URL validation for sqlite."""
+        cfg = DBConfig(url="sqlite+aiosqlite:///./test.db")
+        assert cfg.url == "sqlite+aiosqlite:///./test.db"
+
+    def test_invalid_url_validation(self) -> None:
+        """Test URL validation rejects invalid URLs."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="sqlite+.*postgresql+"):
+            DBConfig(url="mysql://invalid")
+
+
+class TestKCConfig:
+    """Test KCConfig."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test KCConfig default values."""
+        cfg = KCConfig(client_secret="test-secret")
+        assert cfg.server_url == "http://localhost:8080"
+        assert cfg.realm == "blog"
+        assert cfg.client_id == "blog-api"
+        assert cfg.client_secret == "test-secret"
+        assert cfg.token_cache_ttl == 60
+
+    def test_is_configured_with_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_configured returns True when secret is set."""
+        cfg = KCConfig(client_secret="test-secret")
+        assert cfg.is_configured is True
+
+    def test_is_configured_without_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_configured returns False when secret is empty."""
+        cfg = KCConfig(client_secret="")
+        assert cfg.is_configured is False
+
+
+class TestSecurityConfig:
+    """Test SecurityConfig."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test SecurityConfig default values."""
+        cfg = SecurityConfig(secret_key="test-key")
+        assert cfg.secret_key == "test-key"
+        assert cfg.access_token_expire_minutes == 30
+
+    def test_is_configured_with_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_configured returns True when secret is set."""
+        cfg = SecurityConfig(secret_key="test-secret")
+        assert cfg.is_configured is True
+
+    def test_is_configured_without_secret(self) -> None:
+        """Test is_configured returns False when secret is empty."""
+        cfg = SecurityConfig(secret_key="")
+        assert cfg.is_configured is False
+
+
+class TestEnvironment:
+    """Test Environment enum."""
+
+    def test_dev_value(self) -> None:
+        """Test DEV environment value."""
+        assert Environment.DEV.value == "dev"
+
+    def test_prod_value(self) -> None:
+        """Test PROD environment value."""
+        assert Environment.PROD.value == "prod"