feat: add comments feature with nested replies and recursive rendering

Implement full comments system: domain entities (Comment, CommentLike),
value objects (CommentContent), use cases (CRUD, like toggle), SQLAlchemy
repository, API v1 endpoints, web UI with comment form and nested replies,
i18n translations (EN/RU/FR/DE), and E2E tests.

Fix nested reply (reply-to-reply) not displaying — the flat reply_comments
dict was only queried for top-level comment IDs, so deeply nested replies
were saved to DB (incrementing comment count) but never rendered. Switch
to a recursive Jinja2 macro that renders any nesting depth.

app/domain/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This module re-exports all domain layer components including
 entities, value objects, repositories, and exceptions.
 """
 
-from app.domain.entities import BaseEntity, Post, PostLike
+from app.domain.entities import BaseEntity, Comment, CommentLike, Post, PostLike
 from app.domain.exceptions import (
     AlreadyExistsException,
     DomainException,
@@ -13,19 +13,22 @@ from app.domain.exceptions import (
     UnauthorizedException,
     ValidationException,
 )
-from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository, Repository
+from app.domain.repositories import CommentRepository, PostRepository, Repository
 from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Slug, Title, ValueObject
 
 __all__ = [
     "BaseEntity",
     "Post",
     "PostLike",
+    "Comment",
+    "CommentLike",
     "ValueObject",
     "Title",
     "Content",
     "Slug",
     "Repository",
     "PostRepository",
+    "CommentRepository",
     "DomainException",
     "ValidationException",
     "NotFoundException",

app/domain/entities/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ core business objects with identity.
 """
 
 from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+from app.domain.entities.comment import Comment
+from app.domain.entities.comment_like import CommentLike
 from app.domain.entities.like import PostLike
 from app.domain.entities.post import Post
 
-__all__ = ["BaseEntity", "Post", "PostLike"]
+__all__ = ["BaseEntity", "Post", "PostLike", "Comment", "CommentLike"]

app/domain/entities/comment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Domain entity for Comment.
+
+This module defines the Comment entity that represents a comment on a blog
+post. Comments can be top-level (parent_id=None) or replies to other
+comments (parent_id set).
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+from app.domain.value_objects.comment_content import CommentContent
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class Comment(BaseEntity):
+    """Comment domain entity.
+
+    Represents a comment on a blog post with optional parent reference
+    for nested replies. Supports Markdown content and like tracking.
+
+    Attributes:
+        post_id: UUID of the post this comment belongs to.
+        author_id: Identifier of the comment author.
+        content: CommentContent value object with Markdown text.
+        parent_id: UUID of parent comment for replies, or None.
+        like_count: Number of likes on this comment.
+    """
+
+    post_id: UUID
+    author_id: str
+    content: CommentContent
+    parent_id: UUID | None = None
+    like_count: int = 0
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert entity to dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary representation with all comment attributes.
+        """
+        return {
+            "id": str(self.id),
+            "post_id": str(self.post_id),
+            "author_id": self.author_id,
+            "content": self.content.value,
+            "parent_id": str(self.parent_id) if self.parent_id else None,
+            "like_count": self.like_count,
+            "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat(),
+            "updated_at": self.updated_at.isoformat(),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        post_id: UUID,
+        author_id: str,
+        content_str: str,
+        parent_id: UUID | None = None,
+    ) -> "Comment":
+        """Factory method to create a new comment.
+
+        Args:
+            post_id: UUID of the post to comment on.
+            author_id: Identifier of the comment author.
+            content_str: Comment content string (Markdown supported).
+            parent_id: Optional UUID of parent comment for replies.
+
+        Returns:
+            New Comment instance with validated content.
+        """
+        content = CommentContent(content_str)
+        return cls(
+            post_id=post_id,
+            author_id=author_id,
+            content=content,
+            parent_id=parent_id,
+        )

app/domain/entities/comment_like.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Domain entity for CommentLike.
+
+This module defines the CommentLike entity that tracks which users
+have liked which comments.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class CommentLike(BaseEntity):
+    """Comment like domain entity.
+
+    Tracks a like on a comment by a user. Each like is uniquely
+    identified by its entity ID.
+
+    Attributes:
+        comment_id: UUID of the liked comment.
+        liked_by: Identifier of the user who liked.
+    """
+
+    comment_id: UUID
+    liked_by: str
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert entity to dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with all CommentLike attributes.
+        """
+        return {
+            "id": str(self.id),
+            "comment_id": str(self.comment_id),
+            "liked_by": self.liked_by,
+            "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat(),
+        }

app/domain/repositories/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ the contract for data access operations.
 """
 
 from app.domain.repositories.base import Repository
+from app.domain.repositories.comment import CommentRepository
 from app.domain.repositories.post import PostRepository
 
-__all__ = ["Repository", "PostRepository"]
+__all__ = ["Repository", "PostRepository", "CommentRepository"]

app/domain/repositories/comment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""Comment repository interface.
+
+This module defines the repository interface for Comment entities
+including nested comment queries and like management.
+"""
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.domain.entities.comment import Comment
+from app.domain.entities.comment_like import CommentLike
+from app.domain.repositories.base import Repository
+
+
+class CommentRepository(Repository[Comment]):
+    """Repository interface for Comments.
+
+    Extends the generic repository with comment-specific operations
+    including post-based listing and like management.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> comments = await repo.get_by_post(post_id)
+        >>> like = await repo.get_like(comment_id, "user-123")
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_by_post(self, post_id: UUID) -> list[Comment]:
+        """Get all comments for a post, ordered by creation time.
+
+        Args:
+            post_id: UUID of the post.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of Comment entities for the post.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_like(self, comment_id: UUID, liked_by: str) -> CommentLike | None:
+        """Get a like by comment and user.
+
+        Args:
+            comment_id: UUID of the comment.
+            liked_by: User ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            CommentLike if found, None otherwise.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def add_like(self, like: CommentLike) -> None:
+        """Add a new like to a comment.
+
+        Args:
+            like: CommentLike entity to add.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def count_by_post(self, post_id: UUID) -> int:
+        """Get comment count for a post.
+
+        Args:
+            post_id: UUID of the post.
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of comments on the post.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def remove_like(self, comment_id: UUID, liked_by: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a like from a comment by user.
+
+        Args:
+            comment_id: UUID of the comment.
+            liked_by: User ID.
+        """
+        ...

app/domain/value_objects/__init__.py

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ immutable validated domain concepts.
 """
 
 from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+from app.domain.value_objects.comment_content import CommentContent
 from app.domain.value_objects.content import Content
 from app.domain.value_objects.slug import Slug
 from app.domain.value_objects.title import Title
 
-__all__ = ["ValueObject", "Title", "Content", "Slug"]
+__all__ = ["ValueObject", "Title", "Content", "Slug", "CommentContent"]

app/domain/value_objects/comment_content.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Value object for comment content.
+
+This module defines the CommentContent value object that validates
+and encapsulates comment text content.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class CommentContent(ValueObject[str]):
+    """Comment content value object.
+
+    Wraps and validates comment content ensuring it meets length
+    requirements and is not empty.
+
+    Attributes:
+        value: The comment content string.
+        MAX_LENGTH: Maximum allowed content length (5000 characters).
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If content is empty or too long.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> content = CommentContent("This is a **bold** comment.")
+        >>> content.value
+        'This is a **bold** comment.'
+    """
+
+    MAX_LENGTH: int = 5000
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        """Validate comment content.
+
+        Checks that content is a non-empty string within length bounds.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If content fails validation criteria.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.value, str):
+            raise ValueError("Comment content must be a string")
+        if not self.value.strip():
+            raise ValueError("Comment content cannot be empty")
+        if len(self.value) > self.MAX_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Comment content must be at most {self.MAX_LENGTH} characters")