AGENTS.md

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Stack
 - Python 3.13+, FastAPI, pydantic, uvicorn
+- SQLAlchemy 2.0 (async), aiosqlite
 - Package manager: `uv`
 - CI: Woodpecker (lint, test, type on push/PR to `dev`)
 
@@ -20,25 +21,124 @@ uv run blog                 # Start dev server (port 8000)
 ## Pre-commit order
 `ruff check --fix` → `ruff format` → `isort` → `mypy`
 
-## Architecture
+## DDD Architecture
+
+### Layer Structure
 ```
 app/
-  main.py          # Entry point, uvicorn.run(app_factory)
-  core/config.py   # Settings from .env via pydantic-settings
-  core/exceptions.py
-  common/error_handler.py
-  api/v1/
-  modules/
+├── domain/                   # Domain Layer - business logic, no dependencies
+│   ├── entities/            # Domain entities (Post, User, etc.)
+│   │   ├── base.py          # Base entity class
+│   │   └── post.py          # Post entity with business logic
+│   ├── value_objects/       # Value objects (Title, Content, Slug)
+│   │   ├── base.py
+│   │   ├── title.py
+│   │   ├── content.py
+│   │   └── slug.py
+│   ├── repositories/        # Repository interfaces (abstract)
+│   │   ├── base.py
+│   │   └── post.py
+│   └── exceptions.py        # Domain exceptions
+│
+├── application/             # Application Layer - use cases
+│   ├── dtos/               # Data Transfer Objects
+│   │   └── post.py
+│   ├── interfaces/         # Abstract interfaces (UoW)
+│   │   └── unit_of_work.py
+│   └── use_cases/          # Use cases (CQRS-like)
+│       ├── create_post.py
+│       ├── get_post.py
+│       ├── update_post.py
+│       ├── delete_post.py
+│       ├── list_posts.py
+│       └── publish_post.py
+│
+├── infrastructure/          # Infrastructure Layer - external concerns
+│   ├── config/             # Configuration
+│   │   └── settings.py
+│   ├── database/           # Database connection & ORM models
+│   │   ├── connection.py
+│   │   └── models.py
+│   ├── repositories/       # Repository implementations
+│   │   ├── post.py         # SQLAlchemyPostRepository
+│   │   └── unit_of_work.py # SQLAlchemyUnitOfWork
+│   ├── di/                 # Dependency Injection
+│   │   └── container.py
+│   └── middleware/         # Exception handlers
+│       └── error_handler.py
+│
+├── presentation/            # Presentation Layer - API
+│   ├── api/                # FastAPI routes
+│   │   ├── v1/            # API version 1
+│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
+│   │   │   └── posts.py   # Posts endpoints
+│   │   ├── deps.py        # FastAPI dependencies
+│   │   └── __init__.py
+│   └── schemas/           # Pydantic schemas
+│       └── post.py
+│
+└── main.py                # Application entry point
+
 tests/
-  unit/
-  integration/
-  e2e/
-  api/
+├── unit/                  # Unit tests (domain, use cases)
+│   ├── domain/           # Domain layer tests
+│   ├── application/      # Application layer tests
+│   └── infrastructure/   # Infrastructure tests
+├── integration/          # Integration tests (DB, repos)
+├── api/                  # API endpoint tests
+└── e2e/                  # End-to-end tests
 ```
 
-## Key conventions
-- All commands use `uv run` prefix
-- pytest: asyncio_mode=auto, coverage on `app/`
-- mypy: strict=true with pydantic plugin
-- isort: black profile, filter_files=true
-- `.env` loaded by pydantic-settings (not in repo)
+## Key Conventions
+
+### Dependency Rule
+- Domain layer has **NO dependencies** on other layers
+- Application layer depends only on Domain
+- Infrastructure depends on Domain and Application
+- Presentation depends on all other layers
+
+### Testing
+- **Unit tests**: Test domain logic without DB/external services
+- **Integration tests**: Test repository implementations with real DB
+- **API tests**: Test endpoints with mocked use cases
+- **E2E tests**: Full workflow testing
+
+### Code Patterns
+- Use **dataclasses** for entities and value objects
+- Use **frozen dataclasses** for value objects (immutable)
+- Use **Unit of Work** pattern for transactions
+- Use **Repository** pattern for data access
+- Use **Dependency Injection** via FastAPI's Depends()
+
+## DDD Concepts Used
+
+### Entities
+- Have identity (UUID)
+- Mutable state
+- Business logic methods (publish, update_title, etc.)
+- Example: `Post` entity
+
+### Value Objects
+- Immutable
+- Defined by attributes
+- Validated on creation
+- Examples: `Title`, `Content`, `Slug`
+
+### Aggregates & Repositories
+- `Post` is an aggregate root
+- `PostRepository` interface in Domain
+- `SQLAlchemyPostRepository` implementation in Infrastructure
+
+### Domain Events
+- Placeholder for future implementation
+- Can be added via event bus in application layer
+
+## Configuration
+- `.env` file loaded by pydantic-settings
+- Settings available via `app.infrastructure.config.settings`
+
+## Database
+- SQLAlchemy 2.0 with async support
+- SQLite by default (aiosqlite)
+- Tables auto-created on startup
+- Use `init_db()` and `close_db()` in lifespan

app/api/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""API module - HTTP routes and endpoints."""

app/api/v1/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""API version 1 endpoints."""

app/application/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Application layer exports."""
+
+from app.application.dtos import CreatePostDTO, PostResponseDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.application.use_cases import (
+    CreatePostUseCase,
+    DeletePostUseCase,
+    GetPostUseCase,
+    ListPostsUseCase,
+    PublishPostUseCase,
+    UpdatePostUseCase,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    # DTOs
+    "CreatePostDTO",
+    "UpdatePostDTO",
+    "PostResponseDTO",
+    # Interfaces
+    "TransactionManager",
+    # Use Cases
+    "CreatePostUseCase",
+    "GetPostUseCase",
+    "UpdatePostUseCase",
+    "DeletePostUseCase",
+    "ListPostsUseCase",
+    "PublishPostUseCase",
+]

app/application/dtos/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Application DTOs."""
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import CreatePostDTO, PostResponseDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+
+__all__ = ["CreatePostDTO", "UpdatePostDTO", "PostResponseDTO"]

app/application/dtos/post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""DTOs for post use cases."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CreatePostDTO:
+    """DTO for creating a post."""
+
+    title: str
+    content: str
+    author_id: str
+    tags: list[str] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class UpdatePostDTO:
+    """DTO for updating a post."""
+
+    title: str | None = None
+    content: str | None = None
+    tags: list[str] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PostResponseDTO:
+    """DTO for post response."""
+
+    id: UUID
+    title: str
+    content: str
+    slug: str
+    author_id: str
+    published: bool
+    tags: list[str]
+    created_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime

app/application/interfaces/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Application interfaces."""
+
+from app.application.interfaces.transaction_manager import TransactionManager
+
+__all__ = ["TransactionManager"]

app/application/interfaces/transaction_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Transaction Manager interface for managing database transactions."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+
+class TransactionManager(ABC):
+    """Abstract Transaction Manager for controlling transaction boundaries."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commit the current transaction."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the current transaction."""
+        ...

app/application/use_cases/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Use cases."""
+
+from app.application.use_cases.create_post import CreatePostUseCase
+from app.application.use_cases.delete_post import DeletePostUseCase
+from app.application.use_cases.get_post import GetPostUseCase
+from app.application.use_cases.list_posts import ListPostsUseCase
+from app.application.use_cases.publish_post import PublishPostUseCase
+from app.application.use_cases.update_post import UpdatePostUseCase
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CreatePostUseCase",
+    "GetPostUseCase",
+    "UpdatePostUseCase",
+    "DeletePostUseCase",
+    "ListPostsUseCase",
+    "PublishPostUseCase",
+]

app/application/use_cases/create_post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Create post use case."""
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import CreatePostDTO, PostResponseDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import AlreadyExistsException
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
+
+class CreatePostUseCase:
+    """Use case for creating a new blog post."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def execute(self, dto: CreatePostDTO) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Execute the use case."""
+        # Generate slug from title
+        from app.domain.value_objects import Slug
+
+        slug = Slug.from_title(dto.title)
+
+        # Check if slug already exists
+        if await self._post_repo.slug_exists(slug.value):
+            raise AlreadyExistsException(
+                f"Post with slug '{slug.value}' already exists"
+            )
+
+        # Create domain entity
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str=dto.title,
+            content_str=dto.content,
+            author_id=dto.author_id,
+            tags=dto.tags or [],
+        )
+
+        # Persist entity
+        await self._post_repo.add(post)
+
+        # Commit transaction
+        await self._tx_manager.commit()
+
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Map domain entity to response DTO."""
+        return PostResponseDTO(
+            id=post.id,
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags.copy(),
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )

app/application/use_cases/delete_post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Delete post use case."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException, NotFoundException
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
+
+class DeletePostUseCase:
+    """Use case for deleting a blog post."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def execute(self, post_id: UUID, current_user_id: str) -> None:
+        """Execute the use case."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_id(post_id)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with id '{post_id}' not found")
+
+        # Check authorization
+        if post.author_id != current_user_id:
+            raise ForbiddenException("You can only delete your own posts")
+
+        # Delete the post
+        await self._post_repo.delete(post_id)
+
+        # Commit transaction
+        await self._tx_manager.commit()

app/application/use_cases/get_post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Get post use case."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import PostResponseDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import NotFoundException
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
+
+class GetPostUseCase:
+    """Use case for retrieving a post by ID or slug."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def by_id(self, post_id: UUID) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Get post by ID."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_id(post_id)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with id '{post_id}' not found")
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    async def by_slug(self, slug: str) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Get post by slug."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_slug(slug)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with slug '{slug}' not found")
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Map domain entity to response DTO."""
+        return PostResponseDTO(
+            id=post.id,
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags.copy(),
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )

app/application/use_cases/list_posts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""List posts use case."""
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import PostResponseDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
+
+class ListPostsUseCase:
+    """Use case for listing blog posts with filtering."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def all_posts(self) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+        """Get all posts."""
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_all()
+        return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
+
+    async def published_posts(self) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+        """Get all published posts."""
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_published()
+        return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
+
+    async def by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+        """Get posts by author."""
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_author(author_id)
+        return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
+
+    async def by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+        """Get posts by tag."""
+        posts = await self._post_repo.get_by_tag(tag)
+        return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
+
+    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[PostResponseDTO]:
+        """Search posts."""
+        posts = await self._post_repo.search(query)
+        return [self._map_to_dto(post) for post in posts]
+
+    def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Map domain entity to response DTO."""
+        return PostResponseDTO(
+            id=post.id,
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags.copy(),
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )

app/application/use_cases/publish_post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Publish post use case."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import PostResponseDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException, NotFoundException
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
+
+class PublishPostUseCase:
+    """Use case for publishing/unpublishing a blog post."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def publish(self, post_id: UUID, current_user_id: str) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Publish a post."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_id(post_id)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with id '{post_id}' not found")
+
+        if post.author_id != current_user_id:
+            raise ForbiddenException("You can only publish your own posts")
+
+        post.publish()
+        await self._post_repo.update(post)
+        await self._tx_manager.commit()
+
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    async def unpublish(self, post_id: UUID, current_user_id: str) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Unpublish a post."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_id(post_id)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with id '{post_id}' not found")
+
+        if post.author_id != current_user_id:
+            raise ForbiddenException("You can only unpublish your own posts")
+
+        post.unpublish()
+        await self._post_repo.update(post)
+        await self._tx_manager.commit()
+
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Map domain entity to response DTO."""
+        return PostResponseDTO(
+            id=post.id,
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags.copy(),
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )

app/application/use_cases/update_post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Update post use case."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import PostResponseDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import ForbiddenException, NotFoundException
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Title
+
+
+class UpdatePostUseCase:
+    """Use case for updating a blog post."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._post_repo = post_repo
+        self._tx_manager = tx_manager
+
+    async def execute(
+        self,
+        post_id: UUID,
+        dto: UpdatePostDTO,
+        current_user_id: str,
+    ) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Execute the use case."""
+        post = await self._post_repo.get_by_id(post_id)
+        if not post:
+            raise NotFoundException(f"Post with id '{post_id}' not found")
+
+        # Check authorization
+        if post.author_id != current_user_id:
+            raise ForbiddenException("You can only update your own posts")
+
+        # Update fields
+        if dto.title is not None:
+            post.update_title(Title(dto.title))
+
+        if dto.content is not None:
+            post.update_content(Content(dto.content))
+
+        if dto.tags is not None:
+            # Replace all tags
+            for tag in post.tags[:]:
+                post.remove_tag(tag)
+            for tag in dto.tags:
+                post.add_tag(tag)
+
+        # Persist changes
+        await self._post_repo.update(post)
+
+        # Commit transaction
+        await self._tx_manager.commit()
+
+        return self._map_to_dto(post)
+
+    def _map_to_dto(self, post: Post) -> PostResponseDTO:
+        """Map domain entity to response DTO."""
+        return PostResponseDTO(
+            id=post.id,
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags.copy(),
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )

app/common/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""Common utilities and shared components."""

app/common/error_handler.py

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
-
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
-from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
-
-from app.core.exceptions import AppException
-
-
-class ErrorResponse(BaseModel):
-    status_code: int
-    message: str
-    details: dict[str, str] | None = None
-    timestamp: str
-
-
-async def app_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: AppException) -> JSONResponse:
-    return JSONResponse(
-        status_code=exc.status_code,
-        content={
-            "status_code": exc.status_code,
-            "message": exc.message,
-            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-        },
-    )
-
-
-async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> JSONResponse:
-    return JSONResponse(
-        status_code=exc.status_code,
-        content={
-            "status_code": exc.status_code,
-            "message": str(exc.detail),
-            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-        },
-    )
-
-
-def register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
-    app.add_exception_handler(
-        AppException,
-        app_exception_handler,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-    )
-    app.add_exception_handler(
-        HTTPException,
-        http_exception_handler,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-    )

app/core/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""Core module - shared functionality and configuration."""

app/core/config.py

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
-
-
-class Settings(BaseSettings):
-    app_name: str = "Blog API"
-    debug: bool = False
-    host: str = "0.0.0.0"
-    port: int = 8000
-
-    database_url: str | None = None
-
-    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env")
-
-
-settings = Settings()

app/core/exceptions.py

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-class AppException(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, message: str, status_code: int = 500):
-        self.message = message
-        self.status_code = status_code
-        super().__init__(self.message)
-
-
-class NotFoundError(AppException):
-    def __init__(self, message: str = "Resource not found"):
-        super().__init__(message, status_code=404)
-
-
-class ValidationError(AppException):
-    def __init__(self, message: str = "Validation failed"):
-        super().__init__(message, status_code=400)
-
-
-class UnauthorizedError(AppException):
-    def __init__(self, message: str = "Unauthorized"):
-        super().__init__(message, status_code=401)
-
-
-class ForbiddenError(AppException):
-    def __init__(self, message: str = "Forbidden"):
-        super().__init__(message, status_code=403)

app/domain/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Domain layer exports."""
+
+from app.domain.entities import BaseEntity, Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyExistsException,
+    DomainException,
+    ForbiddenException,
+    NotFoundException,
+    UnauthorizedException,
+    ValidationException,
+)
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository, Repository
+from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Slug, Title, ValueObject
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Entities
+    "BaseEntity",
+    "Post",
+    # Value Objects
+    "ValueObject",
+    "Title",
+    "Content",
+    "Slug",
+    # Repositories
+    "Repository",
+    "PostRepository",
+    # Exceptions
+    "DomainException",
+    "ValidationException",
+    "NotFoundException",
+    "AlreadyExistsException",
+    "UnauthorizedException",
+    "ForbiddenException",
+]

app/domain/entities/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Domain entities."""
+
+from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+from app.domain.entities.post import Post
+
+__all__ = ["BaseEntity", "Post"]

app/domain/entities/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Base entity for DDD domain layer."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any
+from uuid import UUID, uuid4
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class BaseEntity(ABC):
+    """Base class for all domain entities."""
+
+    id: UUID = field(default_factory=uuid4)
+    created_at: datetime = field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    updated_at: datetime = field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, BaseEntity):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.id == other.id
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+    def touch(self) -> None:
+        """Update the updated_at timestamp."""
+        self.updated_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert entity to dictionary."""
+        ...

app/domain/entities/post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Domain entity for Blog Post."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+from app.domain.value_objects.content import Content
+from app.domain.value_objects.slug import Slug
+from app.domain.value_objects.title import Title
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class Post(BaseEntity):
+    """Blog post domain entity."""
+
+    title: Title
+    content: Content
+    slug: Slug
+    author_id: str
+    published: bool = False
+    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def publish(self) -> None:
+        """Publish the post."""
+        self.published = True
+        self.touch()
+
+    def unpublish(self) -> None:
+        """Unpublish the post."""
+        self.published = False
+        self.touch()
+
+    def update_content(self, content: Content) -> None:
+        """Update post content."""
+        self.content = content
+        self.touch()
+
+    def update_title(self, title: Title) -> None:
+        """Update post title and regenerate slug."""
+        self.title = title
+        self.slug = Slug.from_title(title.value)
+        self.touch()
+
+    def add_tag(self, tag: str) -> None:
+        """Add a tag to the post."""
+        if tag not in self.tags:
+            self.tags.append(tag)
+            self.touch()
+
+    def remove_tag(self, tag: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a tag from the post."""
+        if tag in self.tags:
+            self.tags.remove(tag)
+            self.touch()
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert entity to dictionary."""
+        return {
+            "id": str(self.id),
+            "title": self.title.value,
+            "content": self.content.value,
+            "slug": self.slug.value,
+            "author_id": self.author_id,
+            "published": self.published,
+            "tags": self.tags.copy(),
+            "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat(),
+            "updated_at": self.updated_at.isoformat(),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        title_str: str,
+        content_str: str,
+        author_id: str,
+        tags: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> "Post":
+        """Factory method to create a new post."""
+        title = Title(title_str)
+        content = Content(content_str)
+        slug = Slug.from_title(title_str)
+        return cls(
+            title=title,
+            content=content,
+            slug=slug,
+            author_id=author_id,
+            tags=tags or [],
+        )

app/domain/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Domain exceptions."""
+
+
+class DomainException(Exception):
+    """Base exception for domain layer."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+        super().__init__(self.message)
+
+
+class ValidationException(DomainException):
+    """Raised when validation fails."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class NotFoundException(DomainException):
+    """Raised when an entity is not found."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class AlreadyExistsException(DomainException):
+    """Raised when trying to create an entity that already exists."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class UnauthorizedException(DomainException):
+    """Raised when user is not authorized."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ForbiddenException(DomainException):
+    """Raised when access is forbidden."""
+
+    pass

app/domain/repositories/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Repository interfaces."""
+
+from app.domain.repositories.base import Repository
+from app.domain.repositories.post import PostRepository
+
+__all__ = ["Repository", "PostRepository"]

app/domain/repositories/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Base repository interface for DDD."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.domain.entities.base import BaseEntity
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=BaseEntity)
+
+
+class Repository(ABC, Generic[T]):
+    """Generic repository interface."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_by_id(self, entity_id: UUID) -> T | None:
+        """Get entity by ID."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_all(self) -> list[T]:
+        """Get all entities."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def add(self, entity: T) -> None:
+        """Add new entity."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def update(self, entity: T) -> None:
+        """Update existing entity."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def delete(self, entity_id: UUID) -> None:
+        """Delete entity by ID."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def exists(self, entity_id: UUID) -> bool:
+        """Check if entity exists."""
+        ...

app/domain/repositories/post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Post repository interface."""
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+
+from app.domain.entities.post import Post
+from app.domain.repositories.base import Repository
+
+
+class PostRepository(Repository[Post]):
+    """Repository interface for Blog Posts."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_by_slug(self, slug: str) -> Post | None:
+        """Get post by slug."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get all posts by author."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_published(self) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get all published posts."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def get_by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get posts by tag."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def slug_exists(self, slug: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if slug already exists."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Search posts by query string."""
+        ...

app/domain/value_objects/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""Value objects."""
+
+from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+from app.domain.value_objects.content import Content
+from app.domain.value_objects.slug import Slug
+from app.domain.value_objects.title import Title
+
+__all__ = ["ValueObject", "Title", "Content", "Slug"]

app/domain/value_objects/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Base value object for DDD domain layer."""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class ValueObject(ABC, Generic[T]):
+    """Base class for all value objects."""
+
+    value: T
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._validate()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        """Validate the value object. Raise ValueError if invalid."""
+        ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, ValueObject):
+            return False
+        return bool(self.value == other.value)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def to_primitive(self) -> Any:
+        """Convert value object to primitive type."""
+        return self.value

app/domain/value_objects/content.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Content value object."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class Content(ValueObject[str]):
+    """Blog post content value object."""
+
+    MIN_LENGTH: int = 10
+    MAX_LENGTH: int = 50000
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.value, str):
+            raise ValueError("Content must be a string")
+        if not self.value.strip():
+            raise ValueError("Content cannot be empty or whitespace")
+        if len(self.value) < self.MIN_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Content must be at least {self.MIN_LENGTH} characters")
+        if len(self.value) > self.MAX_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Content must be at most {self.MAX_LENGTH} characters")

app/domain/value_objects/slug.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Slug value object for URL-friendly identifiers."""
+
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class Slug(ValueObject[str]):
+    """URL slug value object."""
+
+    MAX_LENGTH: int = 200
+    SLUG_PATTERN: str = r"^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$"
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.value, str):
+            raise ValueError("Slug must be a string")
+        if len(self.value) > self.MAX_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Slug must be at most {self.MAX_LENGTH} characters")
+        if not re.match(self.SLUG_PATTERN, self.value):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Slug must contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens"
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_title(cls, title: str) -> "Slug":
+        """Generate slug from title."""
+        # Convert to lowercase, replace spaces with hyphens
+        slug = title.lower().strip()
+        # Keep only alphanumeric, spaces, and hyphens
+        slug = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9\s-]", "", slug)
+        # Replace spaces and multiple hyphens with single hyphen
+        slug = re.sub(r"[-\s]+", "-", slug)
+        # Limit length and strip hyphens
+        max_len = 200  # Same as MAX_LENGTH
+        slug = slug[:max_len].strip("-")
+        # Ensure we have at least one character
+        if not slug:
+            slug = "post"
+        return cls(value=slug)

app/domain/value_objects/title.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Title value object."""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.domain.value_objects.base import ValueObject
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class Title(ValueObject[str]):
+    """Blog post title value object."""
+
+    MIN_LENGTH: int = 3
+    MAX_LENGTH: int = 200
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.value, str):
+            raise ValueError("Title must be a string")
+        if len(self.value) < self.MIN_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Title must be at least {self.MIN_LENGTH} characters")
+        if len(self.value) > self.MAX_LENGTH:
+            raise ValueError(f"Title must be at most {self.MAX_LENGTH} characters")
+        if not self.value.strip():
+            raise ValueError("Title cannot be empty or whitespace")

app/infrastructure/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Infrastructure layer exports."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.config import Settings, settings
+from app.infrastructure.database import (
+    AsyncSessionLocal,
+    Base,
+    PostORM,
+    close_db,
+    engine,
+    get_session,
+    init_db,
+)
+from app.infrastructure.di import create_container
+from app.infrastructure.middleware import register_exception_handlers
+from app.infrastructure.repositories import SQLAlchemyPostRepository
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Config
+    "Settings",
+    "settings",
+    # Database
+    "Base",
+    "PostORM",
+    "engine",
+    "AsyncSessionLocal",
+    "get_session",
+    "init_db",
+    "close_db",
+    # Repositories
+    "SQLAlchemyPostRepository",
+    # DI
+    "create_container",
+    # Middleware
+    "register_exception_handlers",
+]

app/infrastructure/config/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Infrastructure configuration."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.config.settings import Settings, settings
+
+__all__ = ["Settings", "settings"]

app/infrastructure/config/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""Application settings."""
+
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    """Application configuration settings."""
+
+    # App settings
+    app_name: str = "Blog API"
+    debug: bool = False
+    host: str = "0.0.0.0"
+    port: int = 8000
+
+    # Database settings
+    database_url: str = "sqlite:///./blog.db"
+    database_echo: bool = False
+
+    # Security settings
+    secret_key: str = "your-secret-key-change-in-production"
+    access_token_expire_minutes: int = 30
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=".env",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=False,
+    )
+
+
+# Global settings instance
+settings = Settings()

app/infrastructure/database/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Database infrastructure."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.database.connection import (
+    AsyncSessionLocal,
+    close_db,
+    engine,
+    get_session,
+    get_session_context,
+    init_db,
+)
+from app.infrastructure.database.models import Base, PostORM
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Base",
+    "PostORM",
+    "engine",
+    "AsyncSessionLocal",
+    "get_session",
+    "get_session_context",
+    "init_db",
+    "close_db",
+]

app/infrastructure/database/connection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Database connection and session management."""
+
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+    AsyncEngine,
+    AsyncSession,
+    async_sessionmaker,
+    create_async_engine,
+)
+
+from app.infrastructure.config import settings
+
+
+# Convert SQLite URL to async format if needed
+def _get_database_url() -> str:
+    url = settings.database_url
+    if url.startswith("sqlite:///") and not url.startswith("sqlite+aiosqlite:///"):
+        return url.replace("sqlite:///", "sqlite+aiosqlite:///")
+    return url
+
+
+# Create async engine
+engine: AsyncEngine = create_async_engine(
+    _get_database_url(),
+    echo=settings.database_echo,
+    future=True,
+)
+
+# Create session factory
+AsyncSessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(
+    engine,
+    class_=AsyncSession,
+    expire_on_commit=False,
+    autoflush=False,
+    autocommit=False,
+)
+
+
+async def get_session() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+    """Get database session."""
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+        finally:
+            await session.close()
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def get_session_context() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+    """Get database session as context manager."""
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+        finally:
+            await session.close()
+
+
+async def init_db() -> None:
+    """Initialize database tables."""
+    from app.infrastructure.database.models import Base
+
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+
+
+async def close_db() -> None:
+    """Close database connections."""
+    await engine.dispose()

app/infrastructure/database/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy ORM models."""
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from sqlalchemy import JSON, Boolean, DateTime, String, Text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, declarative_base, mapped_column
+
+Base = declarative_base()
+
+
+class PostORM(Base):  # type: ignore[valid-type,misc]
+    """SQLAlchemy model for Blog Post."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "posts"
+
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        String(36), primary_key=True, default=lambda: str(uuid4())
+    )
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(200), nullable=False)
+    content: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=False)
+    slug: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        String(200), nullable=False, unique=True, index=True
+    )
+    author_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100), nullable=False, index=True)
+    published: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
+        Boolean, default=False, nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    tags: Mapped[list[str]] = mapped_column(JSON, default=list)
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        default=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        onupdate=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        nullable=False,
+    )

app/infrastructure/di/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""Dependency Injection using Dishka."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.di.container import create_container
+
+__all__ = [
+    "create_container",
+]

app/infrastructure/di/container.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""Dishka container setup."""
+
+from dishka import AsyncContainer, make_async_container
+
+from app.infrastructure.di.providers import (
+    DatabaseProvider,
+    RepositoryProvider,
+    TransactionManagerProvider,
+    UseCaseProvider,
+)
+
+
+def create_container() -> AsyncContainer:
+    """Create and configure Dishka container."""
+    return make_async_container(
+        DatabaseProvider(),
+        RepositoryProvider(),
+        TransactionManagerProvider(),
+        UseCaseProvider(),
+    )

app/infrastructure/di/providers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+"""Dishka providers for dependency injection."""
+
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+
+from dishka import Provider, Scope, provide
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine, AsyncSession
+
+from app.application import (
+    CreatePostUseCase,
+    DeletePostUseCase,
+    GetPostUseCase,
+    ListPostsUseCase,
+    PublishPostUseCase,
+    UpdatePostUseCase,
+)
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+from app.infrastructure.database.connection import AsyncSessionLocal, engine
+from app.infrastructure.repositories.post import SQLAlchemyPostRepository
+
+
+class DatabaseProvider(Provider):
+    """Provider for database-related dependencies."""
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.APP)
+    def get_engine(self) -> AsyncEngine:
+        """Provide SQLAlchemy engine."""
+        return engine
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    async def get_session(self) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+        """Provide database session per request."""
+        async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+            try:
+                yield session
+            finally:
+                await session.close()
+
+
+class RepositoryProvider(Provider):
+    """Provider for repository implementations."""
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_post_repository(self, session: AsyncSession) -> PostRepository:
+        """Provide PostRepository implementation."""
+        return SQLAlchemyPostRepository(session)
+
+
+class TransactionManagerProvider(Provider):
+    """Provider for transaction manager."""
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_transaction_manager(self, session: AsyncSession) -> TransactionManager:
+        """Provide TransactionManager implementation."""
+        from app.infrastructure.di.transaction_manager import SessionTransactionManager
+
+        return SessionTransactionManager(session)
+
+
+class UseCaseProvider(Provider):
+    """Provider for use cases."""
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_create_post_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> CreatePostUseCase:
+        """Provide CreatePostUseCase."""
+        return CreatePostUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_get_post_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> GetPostUseCase:
+        """Provide GetPostUseCase."""
+        return GetPostUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_update_post_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> UpdatePostUseCase:
+        """Provide UpdatePostUseCase."""
+        return UpdatePostUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_delete_post_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> DeletePostUseCase:
+        """Provide DeletePostUseCase."""
+        return DeletePostUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_list_posts_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> ListPostsUseCase:
+        """Provide ListPostsUseCase."""
+        return ListPostsUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )
+
+    @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
+    def get_publish_post_use_case(
+        self,
+        post_repo: PostRepository,
+        tx_manager: TransactionManager,
+    ) -> PublishPostUseCase:
+        """Provide PublishPostUseCase."""
+        return PublishPostUseCase(
+            post_repo=post_repo,
+            tx_manager=tx_manager,
+        )

app/infrastructure/di/transaction_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy implementation of Transaction Manager."""
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+
+
+class SessionTransactionManager(TransactionManager):
+    """SQLAlchemy Session-based Transaction Manager."""
+
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._committed: bool = False
+
+    async def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commit the current transaction."""
+        if not self._committed:
+            await self._session.commit()
+            self._committed = True
+
+    async def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the current transaction."""
+        if not self._committed:
+            await self._session.rollback()

app/infrastructure/middleware/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""Infrastructure middleware."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.middleware.error_handler import (
+    domain_exception_handler,
+    generic_exception_handler,
+    http_exception_handler,
+    register_exception_handlers,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "domain_exception_handler",
+    "http_exception_handler",
+    "generic_exception_handler",
+    "register_exception_handlers",
+]

app/infrastructure/middleware/error_handler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Exception handling middleware."""
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
+
+from app.domain.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyExistsException,
+    DomainException,
+    ForbiddenException,
+    NotFoundException,
+    UnauthorizedException,
+    ValidationException,
+)
+
+
+def get_status_code(exc: DomainException) -> int:
+    """Map domain exceptions to HTTP status codes."""
+    match exc:
+        case ValidationException():
+            return 400
+        case UnauthorizedException():
+            return 401
+        case ForbiddenException():
+            return 403
+        case NotFoundException():
+            return 404
+        case AlreadyExistsException():
+            return 409
+        case _:
+            return 500
+
+
+async def domain_exception_handler(
+    request: Request, exc: DomainException
+) -> JSONResponse:
+    """Handle domain exceptions."""
+    status_code = get_status_code(exc)
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=status_code,
+        content={
+            "error": exc.__class__.__name__,
+            "message": exc.message,
+            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+            "path": str(request.url.path),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+async def http_exception_handler(
+    request: Request, exc: StarletteHTTPException
+) -> JSONResponse:
+    """Handle HTTP exceptions."""
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=exc.status_code,
+        content={
+            "error": "HTTPException",
+            "message": str(exc.detail),
+            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+            "path": str(request.url.path),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+async def generic_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResponse:
+    """Handle generic exceptions."""
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=500,
+        content={
+            "error": "InternalServerError",
+            "message": "An unexpected error occurred",
+            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+            "path": str(request.url.path),
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    """Register all exception handlers with FastAPI app."""
+    if not isinstance(app, FastAPI):
+        raise TypeError("app must be a FastAPI instance")
+
+    # Domain exceptions
+    app.add_exception_handler(DomainException, domain_exception_handler)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    # HTTP exceptions
+    app.add_exception_handler(StarletteHTTPException, http_exception_handler)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    # Generic exceptions (only in production)
+    # In development, let FastAPI show detailed traceback
+    # app.add_exception_handler(Exception, generic_exception_handler)

app/infrastructure/repositories/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Repository implementations."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.repositories.post import SQLAlchemyPostRepository
+
+__all__ = ["SQLAlchemyPostRepository"]

app/infrastructure/repositories/post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy implementation of PostRepository."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from sqlalchemy import or_, select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Slug, Title
+from app.infrastructure.database.models import PostORM
+
+
+class SQLAlchemyPostRepository(PostRepository):
+    """SQLAlchemy implementation of Post repository."""
+
+    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+
+    def _to_domain(self, orm: PostORM) -> Post:
+        """Convert ORM model to domain entity."""
+        return Post(
+            id=UUID(orm.id),
+            title=Title(orm.title),
+            content=Content(orm.content),
+            slug=Slug(orm.slug),
+            author_id=orm.author_id,
+            published=orm.published,
+            tags=orm.tags or [],
+            created_at=orm.created_at,
+            updated_at=orm.updated_at,
+        )
+
+    def _to_orm(self, post: Post) -> PostORM:
+        """Convert domain entity to ORM model."""
+        return PostORM(
+            id=str(post.id),
+            title=post.title.value,
+            content=post.content.value,
+            slug=post.slug.value,
+            author_id=post.author_id,
+            published=post.published,
+            tags=post.tags,
+            created_at=post.created_at,
+            updated_at=post.updated_at,
+        )
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, entity_id: UUID) -> Post | None:
+        """Get post by ID."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.id == str(entity_id))
+        )
+        orm = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        return self._to_domain(orm) if orm else None
+
+    async def get_all(self) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get all posts."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(select(PostORM))
+        orms = result.scalars().all()
+        return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
+
+    async def add(self, entity: Post) -> None:
+        """Add new post."""
+        orm = self._to_orm(entity)
+        self._session.add(orm)
+        # Commit делает TransactionManager
+
+    async def update(self, entity: Post) -> None:
+        """Update existing post."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.id == str(entity.id))
+        )
+        orm = result.scalar_one()
+
+        orm.title = entity.title.value
+        orm.content = entity.content.value
+        orm.slug = entity.slug.value
+        orm.published = entity.published
+        orm.tags = entity.tags
+        orm.updated_at = entity.updated_at
+
+        # Commit делает TransactionManager
+
+    async def delete(self, entity_id: UUID) -> None:
+        """Delete post by ID."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.id == str(entity_id))
+        )
+        orm = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if orm:
+            await self._session.delete(orm)
+
+    async def exists(self, entity_id: UUID) -> bool:
+        """Check if post exists."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.id == str(entity_id))
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none() is not None
+
+    async def get_by_slug(self, slug: str) -> Post | None:
+        """Get post by slug."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.slug == slug)
+        )
+        orm = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        return self._to_domain(orm) if orm else None
+
+    async def get_by_author(self, author_id: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get posts by author."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.author_id == author_id)
+        )
+        orms = result.scalars().all()
+        return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
+
+    async def get_published(self) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get published posts."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.published.is_(True))
+        )
+        orms = result.scalars().all()
+        return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
+
+    async def get_by_tag(self, tag: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Get posts by tag."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.tags.contains([tag]))
+        )
+        orms = result.scalars().all()
+        return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]
+
+    async def slug_exists(self, slug: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if slug exists."""
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(PostORM.slug == slug)
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none() is not None
+
+    async def search(self, query: str) -> list[Post]:
+        """Search posts."""
+        search_pattern = f"%{query}%"
+        result = await self._session.execute(
+            select(PostORM).where(
+                or_(
+                    PostORM.title.ilike(search_pattern),
+                    PostORM.content.ilike(search_pattern),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        orms = result.scalars().all()
+        return [self._to_domain(orm) for orm in orms]

app/main.py

@@ -1,22 +1,84 @@
+"""Application entry point with DDD architecture."""
+
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
 
 import uvicorn
+from dishka import make_async_container
+from dishka.integrations.fastapi import setup_dishka
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.infrastructure import close_db, init_db, register_exception_handlers, settings
+from app.infrastructure.di.providers import (
+    DatabaseProvider,
+    RepositoryProvider,
+    TransactionManagerProvider,
+    UseCaseProvider,
+)
+from app.presentation import router
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
+    """Application lifespan manager."""
+    # Startup
+    await init_db()
     yield
+    # Shutdown
+    await close_db()
 
 
 def app_factory() -> FastAPI:
-    app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
+    """Create and configure FastAPI application."""
+    app = FastAPI(
+        title=settings.app_name,
+        debug=settings.debug,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        docs_url="/docs" if settings.debug else None,
+        redoc_url="/redoc" if settings.debug else None,
+    )
+
+    # Setup Dishka DI container
+    container = make_async_container(
+        DatabaseProvider(),
+        RepositoryProvider(),
+        TransactionManagerProvider(),
+        UseCaseProvider(),
+    )
+    setup_dishka(container, app)
+
+    # Register exception handlers
+    register_exception_handlers(app)
+
+    # CORS middleware
+    app.add_middleware(
+        CORSMiddleware,
+        allow_origins=["*"],
+        allow_credentials=True,
+        allow_methods=["*"],
+        allow_headers=["*"],
+    )
+
+    # Include API routes
+    app.include_router(router, prefix="/api")
+
+    # Health check endpoint
+    @app.get("/health", tags=["health"])
+    async def health_check() -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"status": "ok", "app": settings.app_name}
+
     return app
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-    uvicorn.run(app_factory, factory=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+    """Run the application."""
+    uvicorn.run(
+        app_factory,
+        factory=True,
+        host=settings.host,
+        port=settings.port,
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

app/modules/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""Feature modules - business logic organized by domain."""

app/presentation/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Presentation layer exports."""
+
+from app.presentation.api import router
+from app.presentation.schemas import (
+    PostCreateSchema,
+    PostListResponseSchema,
+    PostResponseSchema,
+    PostUpdateSchema,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "router",
+    "PostCreateSchema",
+    "PostUpdateSchema",
+    "PostResponseSchema",
+    "PostListResponseSchema",
+]

app/presentation/api/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""API router configuration."""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.presentation.api.v1 import router as v1_router
+
+router = APIRouter()
+router.include_router(v1_router)

app/presentation/api/deps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""API dependencies using Dishka."""
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from dishka.integrations.fastapi import FromDishka
+from fastapi import Depends, Header
+
+from app.application import (
+    CreatePostUseCase,
+    DeletePostUseCase,
+    GetPostUseCase,
+    ListPostsUseCase,
+    PublishPostUseCase,
+    UpdatePostUseCase,
+)
+
+# Use case dependencies - injected via Dishka
+CreatePostDep = FromDishka[CreatePostUseCase]
+GetPostDep = FromDishka[GetPostUseCase]
+UpdatePostDep = FromDishka[UpdatePostUseCase]
+DeletePostDep = FromDishka[DeletePostUseCase]
+ListPostsDep = FromDishka[ListPostsUseCase]
+PublishPostDep = FromDishka[PublishPostUseCase]
+
+
+# Mock current user dependency (replace with real auth)
+async def get_current_user_id(
+    x_user_id: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = "user-123",
+) -> str:
+    """Get current user ID from header."""
+    return x_user_id or "user-123"
+
+
+CurrentUserDep = Annotated[str, Depends(get_current_user_id)]

app/presentation/api/v1/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""API v1 router."""
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.presentation.api.v1.posts import router as posts_router
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1")
+router.include_router(posts_router)

app/presentation/api/v1/posts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""Posts API routes."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from dishka.integrations.fastapi import DishkaRoute
+from fastapi import APIRouter, status
+
+from app.application.dtos import CreatePostDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+from app.presentation.api.deps import (
+    CreatePostDep,
+    CurrentUserDep,
+    DeletePostDep,
+    GetPostDep,
+    ListPostsDep,
+    PublishPostDep,
+    UpdatePostDep,
+)
+from app.presentation.schemas import (
+    PostCreateSchema,
+    PostListResponseSchema,
+    PostResponseSchema,
+    PostUpdateSchema,
+)
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/posts", tags=["posts"], route_class=DishkaRoute)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
+    summary="Create a new post",
+)
+async def create_post(
+    schema: PostCreateSchema,
+    use_case: CreatePostDep,
+    current_user_id: CurrentUserDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Create a new blog post."""
+    dto = CreatePostDTO(
+        title=schema.title,
+        content=schema.content,
+        author_id=current_user_id,
+        tags=schema.tags,
+    )
+    result = await use_case.execute(dto)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "",
+    response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
+    summary="List all posts",
+)
+async def list_posts(use_case: ListPostsDep) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Get all blog posts."""
+    results = await use_case.all_posts()
+    items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
+    return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/published",
+    response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
+    summary="List published posts",
+)
+async def list_published_posts(
+    use_case: ListPostsDep,
+) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Get all published blog posts."""
+    results = await use_case.published_posts()
+    items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
+    return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/search",
+    response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
+    summary="Search posts",
+)
+async def search_posts(
+    query: str,
+    use_case: ListPostsDep,
+) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Search posts by query."""
+    results = await use_case.search(query)
+    items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
+    return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/by-tag/{tag}",
+    response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
+    summary="Get posts by tag",
+)
+async def get_posts_by_tag(
+    tag: str,
+    use_case: ListPostsDep,
+) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Get posts by tag."""
+    results = await use_case.by_tag(tag)
+    items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
+    return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/by-author/{author_id}",
+    response_model=PostListResponseSchema,
+    summary="Get posts by author",
+)
+async def get_posts_by_author(
+    author_id: str,
+    use_case: ListPostsDep,
+) -> PostListResponseSchema:
+    """Get posts by author."""
+    results = await use_case.by_author(author_id)
+    items = [PostResponseSchema(**r.__dict__) for r in results]
+    return PostListResponseSchema(items=items, total=len(items))
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/{post_id}",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    summary="Get post by ID",
+)
+async def get_post(
+    post_id: UUID,
+    use_case: GetPostDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Get a post by its ID."""
+    result = await use_case.by_id(post_id)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/slug/{slug}",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    summary="Get post by slug",
+)
+async def get_post_by_slug(
+    slug: str,
+    use_case: GetPostDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Get a post by its slug."""
+    result = await use_case.by_slug(slug)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)
+
+
+@router.patch(
+    "/{post_id}",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    summary="Update post",
+)
+async def update_post(
+    post_id: UUID,
+    schema: PostUpdateSchema,
+    use_case: UpdatePostDep,
+    current_user_id: CurrentUserDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Update a post."""
+    dto = UpdatePostDTO(
+        title=schema.title,
+        content=schema.content,
+        tags=schema.tags,
+    )
+    result = await use_case.execute(post_id, dto, current_user_id)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)
+
+
+@router.delete(
+    "/{post_id}",
+    status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT,
+    summary="Delete post",
+)
+async def delete_post(
+    post_id: UUID,
+    use_case: DeletePostDep,
+    current_user_id: CurrentUserDep,
+) -> None:
+    """Delete a post."""
+    await use_case.execute(post_id, current_user_id)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/{post_id}/publish",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    summary="Publish post",
+)
+async def publish_post(
+    post_id: UUID,
+    use_case: PublishPostDep,
+    current_user_id: CurrentUserDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Publish a post."""
+    result = await use_case.publish(post_id, current_user_id)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)
+
+
+@router.post(
+    "/{post_id}/unpublish",
+    response_model=PostResponseSchema,
+    summary="Unpublish post",
+)
+async def unpublish_post(
+    post_id: UUID,
+    use_case: PublishPostDep,
+    current_user_id: CurrentUserDep,
+) -> PostResponseSchema:
+    """Unpublish a post."""
+    result = await use_case.unpublish(post_id, current_user_id)
+    return PostResponseSchema(**result.__dict__)

app/presentation/schemas/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Presentation schemas."""
+
+from app.presentation.schemas.post import (
+    PostBaseSchema,
+    PostCreateSchema,
+    PostListResponseSchema,
+    PostPublishSchema,
+    PostResponseSchema,
+    PostSearchSchema,
+    PostUpdateSchema,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PostBaseSchema",
+    "PostCreateSchema",
+    "PostUpdateSchema",
+    "PostResponseSchema",
+    "PostListResponseSchema",
+    "PostSearchSchema",
+    "PostPublishSchema",
+]

app/presentation/schemas/post.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""API schemas for posts."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+
+class PostBaseSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Base schema for posts."""
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    title: str = Field(..., min_length=3, max_length=200)
+    content: str = Field(..., min_length=10, max_length=50000)
+
+
+class PostCreateSchema(PostBaseSchema):
+    """Schema for creating a post."""
+
+    tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class PostUpdateSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for updating a post."""
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    title: str | None = Field(None, min_length=3, max_length=200)
+    content: str | None = Field(None, min_length=10, max_length=50000)
+    tags: list[str] | None = None
+
+
+class PostResponseSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for post response."""
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    id: UUID
+    title: str
+    content: str
+    slug: str
+    author_id: str
+    published: bool
+    tags: list[str]
+    created_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
+
+
+class PostListResponseSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for list of posts response."""
+
+    items: list[PostResponseSchema]
+    total: int
+
+
+class PostSearchSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for searching posts."""
+
+    query: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=100)
+
+
+class PostPublishSchema(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for publishing/unpublishing a post."""
+
+    published: bool

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 description = "Add your description here"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.13"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+packages = ["app"]
 dependencies = [
     "fastapi>=0.136.0",
     "pydantic>=2.13.2",
     "pydantic-settings>=2.14.0",
     "uvicorn>=0.44.0",
+    "sqlalchemy>=2.0.0",
+    "aiosqlite>=0.21.0",
+    "dishka>=1.5.0",
 ]
 
 [dependency-groups]
@@ -35,10 +45,13 @@ types = [
     "mypy>=1.20.1",
 ]
 
+[project.scripts]
+blog = "app.main:main"
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 asyncio_mode = "auto"
 asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
-addopts = "--cov=src --cov-report=term"
+addopts = "--cov=app --cov-report=term-missing --cov-report=html"
 pythonpath = "."
 testpaths = "tests"
 xfail_strict = true

tests/api/conftest.py

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-# API test fixtures
-# Provides: httpx.AsyncClient, authentication helpers, test API data
+"""API test fixtures."""
 
 from typing import AsyncGenerator
 
 import pytest
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
+from app.main import app_factory
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 async def client() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
     """Create async HTTP client for API testing."""
-    from app.main import app_factory
-
     app = app_factory()
     transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
     async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as ac:
@@ -21,4 +20,4 @@ async def client() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
 @pytest.fixture
 def auth_headers() -> dict[str, str]:
     """Return mock authentication headers."""
-    return {"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}
+    return {"Authorization": "Bearer test_token", "X-User-Id": "user-123"}

tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -1,20 +1,58 @@
-# Integration test fixtures
-# Provides: test database, external service connections
+"""Integration test fixtures."""
 
-from typing import Generator
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+    AsyncEngine,
+    AsyncSession,
+    async_sessionmaker,
+    create_async_engine,
+)
+
+from app.infrastructure.database.models import Base
+
+# Use in-memory SQLite for tests
+TEST_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:"
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def test_db_connection() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
-    """Create test database connection."""
-    # TODO: Implement when DB is added to project
-    yield "test_db"
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def engine() -> AsyncEngine:
+    """Create test engine."""
+    return create_async_engine(
+        TEST_DATABASE_URL,
+        echo=False,
+        future=True,
+    )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def cleanup_db() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """Cleanup database after test."""
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def session_factory(engine: AsyncEngine) -> async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession]:
+    """Create test session factory."""
+    return async_sessionmaker(
+        engine,
+        class_=AsyncSession,
+        expire_on_commit=False,
+        autoflush=False,
+        autocommit=False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+async def setup_db(engine: AsyncEngine) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
+    """Setup database tables for each test."""
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
     yield
-    # TODO: Implement cleanup logic
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def db_session(
+    session_factory: async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+    """Create database session for testing."""
+    async with session_factory() as session:
+        yield session
+        await session.rollback()

tests/test_app_run.py

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-import pytest
-from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-# Предполагаем, что тестируемый модуль называется `myapp`
-# Импортируем из него нужные объекты
-from app.main import app_factory, lifespan, main
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_lifespan() -> None:
-    """Проверяет, что lifespan является корректным асинхронным контекстным менеджером."""
-    app = FastAPI()
-    # Проверяем, что lifespan - это asynccontextmanager
-    assert isinstance(lifespan, asynccontextmanager(lifespan).__class__)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-
-    # Проверяем, что контекстный менеджер работает (ничего не ломается)
-    async with lifespan(app):
-        pass  # Просто убеждаемся, что yield отрабатывает
-
-
-def test_app_factory() -> None:
-    """Проверяет, что app_factory создаёт приложение FastAPI с переданным lifespan."""
-    app = app_factory()
-    assert isinstance(app, FastAPI)
-    # Проверяем, что lifespan приложения установлен на функцию lifespan
-    assert app.router.lifespan_context == lifespan
-
-
-@patch("app.main.uvicorn.run")
-def test_main(mock_uvicorn_run: Mock) -> None:
-    """Проверяет, что main вызывает uvicorn.run с правильными параметрами."""
-    main()
-    mock_uvicorn_run.assert_called_once_with(
-        app_factory,
-        factory=True,
-        host="0.0.0.0",
-        port=8000,  # Предполагаемый порт (в коде обрезано, но обычно 8000)
-    )

tests/unit/application/test_use_cases.py

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+"""Tests for application use cases."""
+
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.application.dtos.post import CreatePostDTO, UpdatePostDTO
+from app.application.use_cases import (
+    CreatePostUseCase,
+    DeletePostUseCase,
+    GetPostUseCase,
+    ListPostsUseCase,
+    PublishPostUseCase,
+    UpdatePostUseCase,
+)
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyExistsException,
+    ForbiddenException,
+    NotFoundException,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_post() -> Post:
+    """Create a test post."""
+    return Post.create(
+        title_str="Test Post",
+        content_str="This is test content with enough characters",
+        author_id="user-123",
+        tags=["test"],
+    )
+
+
+class TestCreatePostUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_create_post_success(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test successful post creation."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.slug_exists = AsyncMock(return_value=False)
+        mock_post_repository.add = AsyncMock()
+
+        use_case = CreatePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        dto = CreatePostDTO(
+            title="New Post",
+            content="Content with enough characters",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        # Execute
+        result = await use_case.execute(dto)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result.title == "New Post"
+        assert result.author_id == "user-123"
+        mock_post_repository.add.assert_called_once()
+        mock_transaction_manager.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_create_post_slug_exists(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test post creation with existing slug."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.slug_exists = AsyncMock(return_value=True)
+
+        use_case = CreatePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        dto = CreatePostDTO(
+            title="Existing Post",
+            content="Content with enough characters",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        # Execute & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(AlreadyExistsException):
+            await use_case.execute(dto)
+
+        mock_post_repository.add.assert_not_called()
+        mock_transaction_manager.commit.assert_not_called()
+
+
+class TestGetPostUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_post_by_id_success(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test successful get post by ID."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+
+        use_case = GetPostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+
+        # Execute
+        result = await use_case.by_id(test_post.id)
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result.id == test_post.id
+        assert result.title == test_post.title.value
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id.assert_called_once_with(test_post.id)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_get_post_by_id_not_found(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test get post by ID when not found."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+        use_case = GetPostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        post_id = uuid4()
+
+        # Execute & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundException):
+            await use_case.by_id(post_id)
+
+
+class TestUpdatePostUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_post_success(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test successful post update."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+        mock_post_repository.update = AsyncMock()
+
+        use_case = UpdatePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        dto = UpdatePostDTO(title="Updated Title")
+
+        # Execute
+        result = await use_case.execute(test_post.id, dto, "user-123")
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result.title == "Updated Title"
+        mock_post_repository.update.assert_called_once()
+        mock_transaction_manager.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_post_not_found(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test update post when not found."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+
+        use_case = UpdatePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        dto = UpdatePostDTO(title="Updated Title")
+
+        # Execute & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundException):
+            await use_case.execute(uuid4(), dto, "user-123")
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_update_post_forbidden(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test update post by different user."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+
+        use_case = UpdatePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+        dto = UpdatePostDTO(title="Updated Title")
+
+        # Execute & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(ForbiddenException):
+            await use_case.execute(test_post.id, dto, "other-user")
+
+
+class TestDeletePostUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_delete_post_success(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test successful post deletion."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+        mock_post_repository.delete = AsyncMock()
+
+        use_case = DeletePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+
+        # Execute
+        await use_case.execute(test_post.id, "user-123")
+
+        # Assert
+        mock_post_repository.delete.assert_called_once_with(test_post.id)
+        mock_transaction_manager.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_delete_post_forbidden(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test delete post by different user."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+
+        use_case = DeletePostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+
+        # Execute & Assert
+        with pytest.raises(ForbiddenException):
+            await use_case.execute(test_post.id, "other-user")
+
+
+class TestPublishPostUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_publish_post_success(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test successful post publish."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_by_id = AsyncMock(return_value=test_post)
+        mock_post_repository.update = AsyncMock()
+
+        use_case = PublishPostUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+
+        # Execute
+        result = await use_case.publish(test_post.id, "user-123")
+
+        # Assert
+        assert result.published is True
+        mock_post_repository.update.assert_called_once()
+        mock_transaction_manager.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+class TestListPostsUseCase:
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_list_all_posts(
+        self,
+        mock_post_repository: Mock,
+        mock_transaction_manager: Mock,
+        test_post: Post,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test listing all posts."""
+        # Setup
+        mock_post_repository.get_all = AsyncMock(return_value=[test_post])
+
+        use_case = ListPostsUseCase(mock_post_repository, mock_transaction_manager)
+
+        # Execute
+        results = await use_case.all_posts()
+
+        # Assert
+        assert len(results) == 1
+        assert results[0].id == test_post.id
+        mock_post_repository.get_all.assert_called_once()

tests/unit/conftest.py

@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
-# Unit test fixtures
-# Provides: mocks, stubs, isolated test data
+"""Unit test fixtures."""
 
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock
 
 import pytest
 
+from app.application.interfaces import TransactionManager
+from app.domain.repositories import PostRepository
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mock_service() -> Mock:
-    """Create a mock service for unit testing."""
-    return Mock()
+def mock_post_repository() -> Mock:
+    """Create a mock post repository."""
+    return Mock(spec=PostRepository)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_transaction_manager() -> Mock:
+    """Create a mock transaction manager."""
+    tx_manager = Mock(spec=TransactionManager)
+    tx_manager.commit = AsyncMock()
+    tx_manager.rollback = AsyncMock()
+    return tx_manager
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_async_service() -> AsyncMock:
-    """Create an async mock service for unit testing."""
+    """Create an async mock service."""
     return AsyncMock()

tests/unit/domain/test_entities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+"""Tests for domain entities."""
+
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from app.domain.entities import Post
+from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Title
+
+
+class TestPost:
+    def test_post_creation(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a post."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+            tags=["test", "python"],
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(post.id, UUID)
+        assert post.title.value == "Test Title"
+        assert post.content.value == "This is test content that is long enough"
+        assert post.slug.value == "test-title"
+        assert post.author_id == "user-123"
+        assert post.published is False
+        assert post.tags == ["test", "python"]
+
+    def test_post_publish(self) -> None:
+        """Test publishing a post."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        assert post.published is False
+        post.publish()
+        assert post.published is True
+
+    def test_post_unpublish(self) -> None:
+        """Test unpublishing a post."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        post.publish()
+        assert post.published is True
+        post.unpublish()
+        assert post.published is False
+
+    def test_post_update_title(self) -> None:
+        """Test updating post title."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Original Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        old_updated_at = post.updated_at
+        post.update_title(Title("New Title"))
+
+        assert post.title.value == "New Title"
+        assert post.slug.value == "new-title"
+        assert post.updated_at > old_updated_at
+
+    def test_post_update_content(self) -> None:
+        """Test updating post content."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        old_updated_at = post.updated_at
+        post.update_content(Content("Updated content that is also long enough"))
+
+        assert post.content.value == "Updated content that is also long enough"
+        assert post.updated_at > old_updated_at
+
+    def test_post_add_tag(self) -> None:
+        """Test adding a tag."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+        )
+
+        post.add_tag("python")
+        assert "python" in post.tags
+
+        # Adding same tag twice should not duplicate
+        post.add_tag("python")
+        assert post.tags.count("python") == 1
+
+    def test_post_remove_tag(self) -> None:
+        """Test removing a tag."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+            tags=["python", "fastapi"],
+        )
+
+        post.remove_tag("python")
+        assert "python" not in post.tags
+        assert "fastapi" in post.tags
+
+    def test_post_to_dict(self) -> None:
+        """Test converting post to dict."""
+        post = Post.create(
+            title_str="Test Title",
+            content_str="This is test content that is long enough",
+            author_id="user-123",
+            tags=["test"],
+        )
+
+        data = post.to_dict()
+
+        assert data["title"] == "Test Title"
+        assert data["content"] == "This is test content that is long enough"
+        assert data["slug"] == "test-title"
+        assert data["author_id"] == "user-123"
+        assert data["published"] is False
+        assert data["tags"] == ["test"]
+        assert "id" in data
+        assert "created_at" in data
+        assert "updated_at" in data

tests/unit/domain/test_exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Tests for domain exceptions."""
+
+from app.domain.exceptions import (
+    AlreadyExistsException,
+    DomainException,
+    ForbiddenException,
+    NotFoundException,
+    UnauthorizedException,
+    ValidationException,
+)
+
+
+class TestDomainExceptions:
+    def test_base_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test base domain exception."""
+        exc = DomainException("Something went wrong")
+        assert exc.message == "Something went wrong"
+        assert str(exc) == "Something went wrong"
+
+    def test_validation_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test validation exception."""
+        exc = ValidationException("Invalid input")
+        assert isinstance(exc, DomainException)
+        assert exc.message == "Invalid input"
+
+    def test_not_found_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test not found exception."""
+        exc = NotFoundException("Resource not found")
+        assert isinstance(exc, DomainException)
+        assert exc.message == "Resource not found"
+
+    def test_already_exists_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test already exists exception."""
+        exc = AlreadyExistsException("Already exists")
+        assert isinstance(exc, DomainException)
+        assert exc.message == "Already exists"
+
+    def test_unauthorized_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test unauthorized exception."""
+        exc = UnauthorizedException("Unauthorized")
+        assert isinstance(exc, DomainException)
+        assert exc.message == "Unauthorized"
+
+    def test_forbidden_exception(self) -> None:
+        """Test forbidden exception."""
+        exc = ForbiddenException("Forbidden")
+        assert isinstance(exc, DomainException)
+        assert exc.message == "Forbidden"

tests/unit/domain/test_value_objects.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""Tests for domain value objects."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.domain.value_objects import Content, Slug, Title
+
+
+class TestTitle:
+    def test_valid_title(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a valid title."""
+        title = Title("Valid Title")
+        assert title.value == "Valid Title"
+
+    def test_title_too_short(self) -> None:
+        """Test title that is too short."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="at least"):
+            Title("ab")
+
+    def test_title_too_long(self) -> None:
+        """Test title that is too long."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="at most"):
+            Title("a" * 201)
+
+    def test_title_empty(self) -> None:
+        """Test empty title."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty"):
+            Title("   ")
+
+    def test_title_not_string(self) -> None:
+        """Test non-string title."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="string"):
+            Title(123)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+class TestContent:
+    def test_valid_content(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating valid content."""
+        content = Content("This is valid content with enough characters")
+        assert content.value == "This is valid content with enough characters"
+
+    def test_content_too_short(self) -> None:
+        """Test content that is too short."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="at least"):
+            Content("short")
+
+    def test_content_too_long(self) -> None:
+        """Test content that is too long."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="at most"):
+            Content("a" * 50001)
+
+    def test_content_empty(self) -> None:
+        """Test empty content."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="empty"):
+            Content("   ")
+
+
+class TestSlug:
+    def test_valid_slug(self) -> None:
+        """Test creating a valid slug."""
+        slug = Slug("valid-slug")
+        assert slug.value == "valid-slug"
+
+    def test_slug_from_title(self) -> None:
+        """Test generating slug from title."""
+        slug = Slug.from_title("Hello World Post")
+        assert slug.value == "hello-world-post"
+
+    def test_slug_from_title_with_special_chars(self) -> None:
+        """Test generating slug from title with special characters."""
+        slug = Slug.from_title("Hello, World! Post @#$%")
+        assert slug.value == "hello-world-post"
+
+    def test_slug_from_title_only_special_chars(self) -> None:
+        """Test generating slug from title with only special characters."""
+        slug = Slug.from_title("!@#$%")
+        assert slug.value == "post"
+
+    def test_slug_invalid_chars(self) -> None:
+        """Test slug with invalid characters."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="lowercase"):
+            Slug("Invalid_Slug")
+
+    def test_slug_uppercase(self) -> None:
+        """Test slug with uppercase letters."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="lowercase"):
+            Slug("Uppercase-Slug")
+
+    def test_slug_equality(self) -> None:
+        """Test slug value equality."""
+        slug1 = Slug("test-slug")
+        slug2 = Slug("test-slug")
+        assert slug1 == slug2
+        assert hash(slug1) == hash(slug2)

tests/unit/infrastructure/test_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Tests for infrastructure config."""
+
+from app.infrastructure.config import Settings
+
+
+class TestSettings:
+    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test default settings values by creating settings without env file."""
+        # Create settings with no env file to test defaults
+        s = Settings(_env_file=None)
+        assert s.app_name == "Blog API"
+        assert s.debug is False
+        assert s.host == "0.0.0.0"
+        assert s.port == 8000
+        assert s.database_url == "sqlite:///./blog.db"
+        assert s.database_echo is False
+
+    def test_custom_values(self) -> None:
+        """Test custom settings values."""
+        s = Settings(
+            app_name="Test API",
+            debug=True,
+            host="localhost",
+            port=9000,
+            database_url="postgresql://test",
+            secret_key="test-secret",
+        )
+        assert s.app_name == "Test API"
+        assert s.debug is True
+        assert s.host == "localhost"
+        assert s.port == 9000
+        assert s.database_url == "postgresql://test"
+        assert s.secret_key == "test-secret"
+
+    def test_model_config(self) -> None:
+        """Test settings model config."""
+        assert "env_file" in Settings.model_config

tests/unit/test_config.py

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-import os
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-from app.core.config import Settings
-
-
-class TestSettings:
-    def test_default_values(self) -> None:
-        settings = Settings()
-        assert settings.app_name == "Blog API"
-        assert settings.debug is False
-        assert settings.host == "0.0.0.0"
-        assert settings.port == 8000
-        assert settings.database_url is None
-
-    def test_custom_values(self) -> None:
-        settings = Settings(
-            app_name="Test API",
-            debug=True,
-            host="localhost",
-            port=9000,
-            database_url="postgresql://test",
-        )
-        assert settings.app_name == "Test API"
-        assert settings.debug is True
-        assert settings.host == "localhost"
-        assert settings.port == 9000
-        assert settings.database_url == "postgresql://test"
-
-    def test_settings_from_env(self) -> None:
-        with patch.dict(
-            os.environ,
-            {
-                "APP_NAME": "Env API",
-                "DEBUG": "true",
-                "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
-                "PORT": "8080",
-                "DATABASE_URL": "sqlite:///test.db",
-            },
-        ):
-            settings = Settings()
-            assert settings.app_name == "Env API"
-            assert settings.debug is True
-            assert settings.host == "127.0.0.1"
-            assert settings.port == 8080
-            assert settings.database_url == "sqlite:///test.db"
-
-    def test_global_settings_instance(self) -> None:
-        from app.core.config import settings
-
-        assert isinstance(settings, Settings)
-        assert settings.app_name == "Blog API"

tests/unit/test_error_handler.py

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-import pytest
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
-
-from app.common.error_handler import (
-    ErrorResponse,
-    app_exception_handler,
-    http_exception_handler,
-    register_exception_handlers,
-)
-from app.core.exceptions import AppException
-
-
-class TestErrorResponse:
-    def test_error_response_creation(self) -> None:
-        response = ErrorResponse(
-            status_code=400,
-            message="Bad request",
-            timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-        )
-        assert response.status_code == 400
-        assert response.message == "Bad request"
-        assert response.details is None
-
-    def test_error_response_with_details(self) -> None:
-        response = ErrorResponse(
-            status_code=500,
-            message="Internal error",
-            details={"field": "value"},
-            timestamp=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
-        )
-        assert response.status_code == 500
-        assert response.message == "Internal error"
-        assert response.details == {"field": "value"}
-
-
-class TestAppExceptionHandler:
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_app_exception_handler(self) -> None:
-        request = Mock(spec=Request)
-        exc = AppException(message="Test error", status_code=400)
-
-        response = await app_exception_handler(request, exc)
-
-        assert response.status_code == 400
-        body = bytes(response.body).decode()
-        assert "Test error" in body
-        assert "400" in body
-
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_app_exception_handler_content(self) -> None:
-        request = Mock(spec=Request)
-        exc = AppException(message="Validation error", status_code=422)
-
-        with patch("app.common.error_handler.datetime") as mock_datetime:
-            mock_datetime.now.return_value.isoformat.return_value = (
-                "2024-01-01T00:00:00"
-            )
-
-            response = await app_exception_handler(request, exc)
-
-            content = bytes(response.body).decode()
-            assert "Validation error" in content
-            assert "422" in content
-            assert "2024-01-01T00:00:00" in content
-
-
-class TestHttpExceptionHandler:
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_http_exception_handler(self) -> None:
-        request = Mock(spec=Request)
-        exc = HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Not found")
-
-        response = await http_exception_handler(request, exc)
-
-        assert response.status_code == 404
-        body = bytes(response.body).decode()
-        assert "Not found" in body
-        assert "404" in body
-
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_http_exception_handler_content(self) -> None:
-        request = Mock(spec=Request)
-        exc = HTTPException(status_code=503, detail="Service unavailable")
-
-        with patch("app.common.error_handler.datetime") as mock_datetime:
-            mock_datetime.now.return_value.isoformat.return_value = (
-                "2024-01-01T12:00:00"
-            )
-
-            response = await http_exception_handler(request, exc)
-
-            content = bytes(response.body).decode()
-            assert "Service unavailable" in content
-            assert "503" in content
-            assert "2024-01-01T12:00:00" in content
-
-
-class TestRegisterExceptionHandlers:
-    def test_register_exception_handlers(self) -> None:
-        app = Mock(spec=FastAPI)
-
-        register_exception_handlers(app)
-
-        assert app.add_exception_handler.call_count == 2
-        app.add_exception_handler.assert_any_call(AppException, app_exception_handler)
-        app.add_exception_handler.assert_any_call(HTTPException, http_exception_handler)

tests/unit/test_exceptions.py

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-from app.core.exceptions import (
-    AppException,
-    ForbiddenError,
-    NotFoundError,
-    UnauthorizedError,
-    ValidationError,
-)
-
-
-class TestAppException:
-    def test_default_status_code(self) -> None:
-        exc = AppException(message="Test error")
-        assert exc.message == "Test error"
-        assert exc.status_code == 500
-
-    def test_custom_status_code(self) -> None:
-        exc = AppException(message="Custom error", status_code=400)
-        assert exc.message == "Custom error"
-        assert exc.status_code == 400
-
-    def test_string_representation(self) -> None:
-        exc = AppException(message="Error message")
-        assert str(exc) == "Error message"
-
-
-class TestNotFoundError:
-    def test_default_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = NotFoundError()
-        assert exc.message == "Resource not found"
-        assert exc.status_code == 404
-
-    def test_custom_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = NotFoundError(message="Item not found")
-        assert exc.message == "Item not found"
-        assert exc.status_code == 404
-
-    def test_is_subclass_of_app_exception(self) -> None:
-        exc = NotFoundError()
-        assert isinstance(exc, AppException)
-
-
-class TestValidationError:
-    def test_default_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = ValidationError()
-        assert exc.message == "Validation failed"
-        assert exc.status_code == 400
-
-    def test_custom_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = ValidationError(message="Invalid email format")
-        assert exc.message == "Invalid email format"
-        assert exc.status_code == 400
-
-    def test_is_subclass_of_app_exception(self) -> None:
-        exc = ValidationError()
-        assert isinstance(exc, AppException)
-
-
-class TestUnauthorizedError:
-    def test_default_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = UnauthorizedError()
-        assert exc.message == "Unauthorized"
-        assert exc.status_code == 401
-
-    def test_custom_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = UnauthorizedError(message="Invalid credentials")
-        assert exc.message == "Invalid credentials"
-        assert exc.status_code == 401
-
-    def test_is_subclass_of_app_exception(self) -> None:
-        exc = UnauthorizedError()
-        assert isinstance(exc, AppException)
-
-
-class TestForbiddenError:
-    def test_default_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = ForbiddenError()
-        assert exc.message == "Forbidden"
-        assert exc.status_code == 403
-
-    def test_custom_message(self) -> None:
-        exc = ForbiddenError(message="Access denied")
-        assert exc.message == "Access denied"
-        assert exc.status_code == 403
-
-    def test_is_subclass_of_app_exception(self) -> None:
-        exc = ForbiddenError()
-        assert isinstance(exc, AppException)

tests/unit/test_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Tests for main application."""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+from app.main import app_factory, lifespan, main
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_lifespan() -> None:
+    """Test lifespan context manager."""
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    with (
+        patch("app.main.init_db") as mock_init,
+        patch("app.main.close_db") as mock_close,
+    ):
+        async with lifespan(app):
+            mock_init.assert_called_once()
+            mock_close.assert_not_called()
+        mock_close.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_app_factory() -> None:
+    """Test app factory creates FastAPI app."""
+    app = app_factory()
+    assert isinstance(app, FastAPI)
+
+
+def test_app_factory_has_routes() -> None:
+    """Test app has registered routes."""
+    app = app_factory()
+    routes = [str(route.path) for route in app.routes if hasattr(route, "path")]
+    assert "/health" in routes
+    # Check that API routes are included
+    assert any("api" in path for path in routes)
+
+
+@patch("app.main.uvicorn.run")
+def test_main(mock_uvicorn_run: Mock) -> None:
+    """Test main function starts uvicorn."""
+    main()
+    mock_uvicorn_run.assert_called_once()
+    call_kwargs = mock_uvicorn_run.call_args.kwargs
+    assert call_kwargs.get("factory") is True
+    assert call_kwargs.get("host") == "0.0.0.0"
+    assert call_kwargs.get("port") == 8000

tests/unit/test_unit_app_run.py

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
-
-import pytest
-from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-from app.main import app_factory, lifespan, main
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_lifespan() -> None:
-    app = FastAPI()
-    assert isinstance(lifespan, asynccontextmanager(lifespan).__class__)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-
-    async with lifespan(app):
-        pass
-
-
-def test_app_factory() -> None:
-    app = app_factory()
-    assert isinstance(app, FastAPI)
-    assert app.router.lifespan_context == lifespan
-
-
-@patch("app.main.uvicorn.run")
-def test_main(mock_uvicorn_run: Mock) -> None:
-    main()
-    mock_uvicorn_run.assert_called_once_with(
-        app_factory,
-        factory=True,
-        host="0.0.0.0",
-        port=8000,
-    )